Living with VladimirLyudmila Putina's home life doesn't sound a barrel of laughs, says Nick Paton Walsh in The Guardian. But as far as she is concerned, she has the model Russian family; her authoritarian husband, President Vladimir Putin, brings home the bacon, she takes care of their daughters, and everyone knows their place in the pecking order. " When you want to discuss something with him you wait his arrival at the kitchen table for his evening glass of kefir, " says Putina. " At this time, you can talk, ask him about the day." But even then, the former KGB spy never lets his guard down. " To ask him about work is, of course, useless. Better not to bother." The president, she insists, is a good husband - but a hard taskmaster. " He never praises [he says praise " spoils" a woman] and that has totally put me off cooking. He will refuse to eat a dish if he does not like the slightest thing in it. I constantly feel that he is watching me and checking that I make the right decisions." (The Week) Living with Vladimir (a) Spoluž itie s Vladimirom (b) Spoluž itie s Vladimirom (c) Ž ivot s Vladimirom 1. Lyudmila Putina's home life doesn't sound a barrel of laughs, says Nick Paton Walsh in The Guardian. (a) Domá ci ž ivot Ludmily Putinovej nie je prнliš k smiechu, hovorн Nick Walsh v Guardiane. (b) Domá ci ž ivot Ludmily Putinovej neznie prнliš smieš ne, vyhlá sil Nick Paton Walsh v č asopise Guardian. (c) Domá cnost' Ludmily Putinovej nevyzerá ruž ovo, povedal pre The Guardian Nick Paton Walsh. 2. But as far as she is concerned, she has the model Russian family; her authoritarian husband. President Vladimir Putin, brings home the bacon, she takes care of their daughters, and everyone knows their place in the pecking order. (a) AkokoFvek je znepokojená, vytvorila vzor ruskej rodiny. Jej autoritativny manž el, prezident Vladimнr Putin, priná š a domov materiá lne zabezpeč enie a ona sa stará o deti a kaž dý pozná svoje miesto. (b) Ale č o sa jej tý ka, jej rodina je modelom ruskej rodiny: jej autoritativny manž el, prezident Vladimнr Putin, nosн domov slaninu, ona sa stará o ich dcйry, kaž dý zaujнma svoje urč itй miesto. (c) Pokial' ide o тu, má doma model ruskej rodiny; jej autoritativny manž el, prezident Vladimнr Putin, ž ivi rodinu, ona sa stará o ich dcйry a kaž dý pozná svoje miesto v rodinnom rebrнč ku. 3. " When you want to discuss something with him you wait his arrival at the kitchen table for his evening glass of kefir, " says Putina. (a) " Keп sa s nнm chcem porozprá vaќ musнm poč kat' až pride k stolu pre več erný kefir (kyslй mlieko) ", hovorн Putinová. (b) " Keп s nim chcete nieč o prebraќ, poč ká te si naтho v kuchyni, kde si kaž dý več er chodн vypit' svoj pohá r keftru ", povedala pani Putinová. (c) " Ak s nim chcete hovorit' musнte poč kat', ký m si pride do kuchynм pre jeho več erný pohá r kefiru, " hovorн Putinová. 4. " At this time, you can talk, ask him about the day." (a) " Vtomto č ase mуž em hovorit', spý taќsa ho aký mal deт ". (b) " Vtedy sa ho mуž ete spý taќ, aký bol deт. " (c) " V tomto č ase mуž ete rozprá vaќ, alebo sa pý tat' na uplynulý deт ". 5. But even then, the former KGB spy never lets his guard down. (a) Dokonca ani pri tom ho KGB ochranka neopustн. (b) Odkedy š pehovali jeho predchodcu, je jeho ochranka stá le prнtomná. (c) No aj vtedy, bý valý š piуn KGB v тom nikdy nespi. 6. " To ask him about work is, of course, useless. (a) " Opý taќ sa ho na prá cuje samozrejme zbytoč nй. (b) " Je zbytoč nй pý tat' sa ho na prá cu. (c) " Pokus spý taќ sa ho na prá cu je samozrejme nemož ný. 7. Better not to bother." (a) Radš ej neobќaž ovaќ." (b) Je lepš ie s tý m neotravovat'. " (c) Lepš ie ho tý m nezaќaž ovaќ. "
Trnava - Heart beating steadily again (1) Srdce Trnavy opá ќ pevne bije (2) Trnava - srdce pravidelne bije пalej (3) Trnava -jej srdce opá ќ pravidelne bije (4) Srdce mмsta sa opá ќ rozbuš ilo - Trnava (5) Trnava - srdce, č o neochvejne bije (6) Trnava - jej srdce znovu pevne tlč ie As dawn breaks on June 1 1846, excited passengers are sitting on the first horse- pulled train to operate in the Hungarian empire, which enveloped Slovakia at that time. 1. Za ъsvitu drta 1. jъna 1846 cestujiн vzruš enн pasaž ieri prvou koтskou ž eleznicou v Rakъsko-Uhorsku, ktorй bolo na ъzemн terajš ieho Slovenska. 2. Za ъsvitu, 1. Jъna 1846, sedia vzruš enн pasaž ieri v prvom koтmi ќahanom vlaku, premá vajъcom v Uhorsku, ktorй v tom č ase zahrтalo i Slovensko. 3. Pнš e sa 1. jъn 1846. Uhorskom, ktorйho sъč asќou bolo vtedy takmer celй ъzemie dneš nйho Slovenska, prechá dza prvá koтská ž eleznica plná vzruš ený ch pasaž ierov. 4. Za ъsvitu 1. jъna 1846 vezъ sa nadš enн cestujъci prvou koтskou ž eleznicou v Rakъsko Uhorsku, ktorй v tej dobe zaberalo i terajš ie Slovensko. 5. Svitá. Pнš e sa prvý jъn roku 1846. Vzruš enн pasaž ieri už obsadili miesta na prvej konskej ž eleznici fungujъcej na ъzemн Rakъsko- Uhorska. 6. Už za ъsvitu dтa 1. jъna 1846 sedeli vzruš enн pasaž ieri na prvom vlaku ќahanom koтmi v Uhorsku, ktorй vtedy bolo na ъzemн dneš nйho Slovenska. Embarking from the busy cosmopolitan town of Pressburg (now Bratislava), their destination is the provincial town of Trnava, about 50 kilometers to the northeast. (1) Ich cesta vedie z ruš nйho kozmopolitnйho Preš porku (terajš ia Bratislava) a ich ciel'om je provinč nй mesteč ko Trnava, vzdialenй asi 50 km severový chodne. (2) Vychá dzajъc z ruš nйho, kozmopolitnйho Preš porku (dneš nej Bratislavy), smerujъ do provinč nйho mesteč ka Trnava, vzdialenйho približ nй 50 km na severový chod. (3) Jej ciel'om je provinč nй mмsto Trnava, vzdialenй asi 50 km severový chodne od ruš nйho kozmopolitnйho Preš porku (terajš ej Bratislavy) z ktorйho vlak vyš iel. (4) Vydá vajъ sa z ruš nйho, kozmopolitnйho Preš porku (terajš ia Bratislava). Ich ciel'om je Trnava, provinč nй mмsto asi 50 km severový chodne. (5) Vydali sa na cestu z ruš nйho kozmopolitnйho Pressburgu (dneš ná Bratislava) do cieнovej stanice Trnava, provinč nйho mesteč ka, lež iaceho asi 50 km na severový chod. (6) Nastъpili v ruš nej kozmopolitnej Bratislavм a ich ciel'om bolo provinč nй mesteč ko Trnava, 50 km smerom na severový chod. After a two-hour ride, the steeples of Trnava's many churches appear on the horizon. (1) Po dvoch hodiná ch cesty sa na obzore vyná rajъ viacerй veze trnavský ch kostolov (2) Po dvojhodinovej ceste sa na obzore objavujъ veze mnohý ch trnavský ch kostolov. (3) Po takmer dvoch hodiná ch cesty sa na obzore objavujъ š pič atй veze trnavský ch kostolov. (4) Po dvojhodinovej ceste sa na obzore zač inajъ objavovaќ š pič atй veze viacerý ch Trnavský ch kostolov. (5) Po dvojhodinovej ceste sa na horizonte objavujъ prvй z mnohý ch kostolný ch vмž i mesteč ka Trnavy. (6) Po dvoch hodiná ch jazdy už na obzore uzreli vмž ič ky mnohý ch Trnavský ch kostolov. The people stand, greeting the town with cries of " Vivat" as the dusty train pulls into the countryside station. (1) Zatial' č o I'udia vstá vajъ, vitajъc mмsto pokrikom „Vivat", zaprá š ený voz vchá dza do miestnej stanice. (2) Eudia vstá vajъ a zdravia mмsto hlasný m „ Slá va! ", zatial' č o zaprá š ený vlak vchá dza do miestnej stanice. (3) Keп zaprá š ený vlak vchá dza do jednoduchej stanice, pasaž ieri vstá vajъ a vitajъ mмsto vý krikmi „ Vivat! ". (4) Ako zaprá š ený voz vchá dza do svojej koneč nej zastá vky, 1'udia vstá vajъ, chcъpozdravit'mмsto srdeč ný m „vivat". (5) Ako zaprá š ený voz vchá dza do vidieckej stanič ky 1'udia vstá vajъ a vý krikmi „ Vivat! " zdravia mмsto. (6) Keп zaprá š ený vlak vtiahol do stanice, 1'udia sa postavili, aby pozdravili mмsto nadš ený m „vivat". Even today, people come to Trnava to see steeples, which is one reason why the town is sometimes referred to as " Slovakia's Rome". (1) Dokonca i dnes I'udia prichá dzajъ do Trnavy aby si pozreli poč etne kostolnй veze, č o je jedný m z dуvodov preč o sa o Trnavм hovorн ako o „ slovenskom Rнme ". (2) Dokonca i dnes I'udia prichá dzajъ do Trnavy obzrieќ si veze mnohý ch kostolov, ktorй sъ jedný m z dуvodov, preč o sa o meste hovorн ako o „ slovenskom Rнme ". (3) Dokonca aj dnes sem 1'udia prichá dzajъ kvуli tý mto mnohý m vež iam, pre ktorй je Trnava nazý vaná Slovenský Rim. (4) Dokonca i dnes 1'udia prichá dzajъ aby si pozreli veze mnohý ch kostolov. Aj to je jeden z dуvodov preč o sa o Trnavм hovorн ako o „slovenskom Rнme". (5) Dokonca aj v sъč asnosti sem prichá dzajъ 1'udia obdivovat' kostolnй veze, pre ktorй Trnavu nazý vajъ slovenský m Rнmom. (6) Este aj dnes si 1'udia prichá dzajъ obzrieќ jej poč etnй veze. Aj to je jeden z dуvodov, preč o sa tomuto mмstu hovorн Slovenský Rim By the Middle Ages, there were five churches in Trnava, their capacity far exceeding the town's population. (1) Už v stredoveku bolo v Trnavм paќ kostolov, ktorý ch kapacita daleko presahovala poč et obyvatel'ov mмsta. (2) V stredoveku bolo v Trnavм paќ kostolov a ich kapacita daleko prevyš ovala poč et obyvatel'ov mмsta. (3) Už v stredoveku tu bolo paќ kostolov, aj keп ich kapacita zdaleka prevyš ovala poč et obyvatel'ov mмsta (4) Už v stredoveku tu bolo 5 kostolov, ktorý ch kapacita daleko presahovala poč et miestnych obyvatel'ov. (5) Už v stredoveku mala Trnava paќ kostolov, ktorй daleko presahovali potreby obyvatelstva. (6) Už v stredoveku tu bolo 5 cнrkvн, ktorý ch kapacita daleko prevyš ovala mмstskй obyvatelstvo.
SECTION III. APPENDICES TEXTS FOR ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION Appendix 1: Technical and scientific texts (professional and popular) Generating electricity Mains electricity comes from huge generators in power-stations, turned by turbines driven round by the force of water or high-pressure steam. The steam is made using the heat from burning coal, oil or gas or from a nuclear reactor. Each generator has a ring of cooper coils round the outside. Inside this, huge magnets are turned by a shaft from a turbine. As the magnets rotate, they make electrons move in the coils. The current flow like this is called alternating current (a.c.). The generators are known as alternators. Current from battery is different; it flows only one way. It is known as direct current (d.c.). (Oxford Children Encyclopaedia) Combustion chamber The fuel and air mixture enters the cylinder. The piston rises and it compresses the mixture. The compressed mixture is ignited by the spark. As the combustion gases expand, they push the piston down, and the crankshaft turns. On an aircraft the crankshaft is connected to the propeller. In a car it transmits power to the wheel. (English for Technical Communication). Peripheral nervous systems This is made up of the nerves that connect all the parts of your body with your brain and spinal cord. The nerves carry electrical messages (nerve impulses). Sensory nerves carry information from your sense organs, such as your eyes, ears, nose, taste buds and touch sensors in your skin, to your brain. The brain interprets this information and sends out nerve impulses through the motor nerves. The motor nerves carry nerve impulses from the brain to the part of the body where action is needed, such as a muscle or a gland. (Oxford Children Encyclopaedia) Organs of Speech The larynx is a casing, formed of cartilage and muscle situated in the upper part of trachea. Its forward portion is prominent in the neck below the chin and is commonly called the " Adams apple". Housed within the structure from back to front are the vocal cords, two folds of ligament and an elastic tissue, which may be brought together or parted by the rotation of the arytenoid cartilages through muscular action. (A. P. Gimson: An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English) India India is a large country in Southern Asia with population of over 990 million. Only China has more people than India but in area India is only the seventh country in the world. It is a country of great diversity in its people, their customs and languages, and its land and climate. India is shaped like a triangle. The Himalayan mountain range that extends from the extreme north to northeast contains some of the highest peaks in the world. Broad plains spread through much of the country, which is widest in the centre and becomes narrower as you go south. The narrowest point lies at the southern-most tip, which juts into the Indian Ocean. India has a very long coastline. Many great rivers including the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the tributaries of the Indus flow through the northern plans, which contain the most fertile land in the country. The huge plateau in the south, called the Deccan, extends from the Bay of Bengal in the east to a rugged mountain range, the Western Ghats, along the western coast on the Arabian Sea.
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