Read the following text. Use dictionary if necessaryI The first men to apply art therapy to their psychiatry field were Ambrose Tardieu and Paul-Max Simon, French psychiatrists, they published studies regarding the artwork of the mentally ill. Looking at similar characteristics and symbolism of the patient's artwork, these men viewed the developing history of art therapy as one of the best effective diagnostic tools in order to identify a specific type of mental illness or traumatic event of the time. Later on, Margaret Naumburg incorporated the field of art into psychotherapy in order for her own patients to visualize and recognize their unconscious state of mind. Using this form of psychological counseling, she founded the Walden School in the year 1915 to apply her findings to her student's artwork. Deeply rooted in the theories of Freud and Jung, both the conscious and subconscious play a major part in the two part process of art therapy - the creation of art and having its meaning discovered. The history of art therapy has shown that visual images and symbols are easily accessible to the human mind, and is considered to be the most natural form of communication. Each patient, regardless of their problem or age, is encouraged to visualize something in their mind they cannot talk about, yet have strong feelings and emotions about. The art therapist then reviews it to have the patient interpret it. As the field of art therapy progresses, it is centered on visual mediums, and is mainly used in the mental health treatment. But it can also be used with traditional medicine in order to treat organic diseases and conditions. It is documented over the years through the history of art therapy that art therapy allows the patients to develop their own style of coping skills, and promotes healing by relieving their stress. Art therapy for children is when an art therapist uses the child's unique and personal drawings in order to better understand the problems the child faces within their hidden subconscious. Used for children, adolescents, and adults - art therapy is used more often with the smaller children as they have much more difficulty in putting their emotions and feelings into words, with artwork used as a form of safe symbolic reality that cannot hurt them. Also used as a tool for art therapy assessments, the child's artwork assists the art therapist to better understand what the child cannot, paying special attention to the piece of art and what it represents - the theme, sequence, size, different pressure used to draw it, different types of strokes, and the tiniest details of what the child has put into the picture. Art therapy for children shows the child's emotions and feelings they cannot talk about, such as anger, resentment, hidden sexual abuse issues, violence in their homes, chaos in their lives, and many other issues the children are not aware of themselves as they have hidden it to avoid the pain and trauma. Art therapy for children involve three participants with no influence from anyone else - the therapist, the child, and the artwork with the hidden message the child is secretly revealing subconsciously. To use children's art for the psychotherapeutic purpose of seeing what is uppermost in their minds is actually more genuine and spontaneous in contacting the subconscious, than the traditional talk therapy. Not all children respond positively to art therapy for children, as some become even more frightened when they see their picture with the fears they have hidden so long. Then it is up to the art therapist to keep the child's issues on an impersonal level, keeping the discussion of the child's fears and problems within the picture's metaphor. According to many successful cases, eventually the child will work on some new ideas and concepts that are put in front of them by the art therapist using the art therapy for children program. Over time, they will become comfortable with facing their fears, their new feelings and emotions, and be able to move forward. Working with fairy tales (one of the methods of art therapy) offers the possibility to view imagination, not only as a defence mechanism, flight from reality, or a distortion of reality, but also as an expression of creativity and health, arising from hope, and offering a more positive perspective.
II For centuries folk stories have illuminated people's lives, revealed patterns of human behaviour, focused on human conflicts, problems and solutions, and documented the long history of human conflicts. Called " the language of the soul" folk stories reach people on a deep emotional level, allow serious discussion without intimate revelation, provide gentle, non-threatening ways of looking at difficult issues, depersonalize and universalize human problems, and help people evaluate their own feelings and thoughts. Folk stories encourage creative thinking, finding new solutions to age-old problems, scripting of one's life, and establishing hope for the future. Fairy tale therapy is a unique method of psychological, moral and spiritual support for children. A child by himself/herself and an educator – story teller participate in the process of fairy tale invention. The child describes his/her own life scenarios and the ways of their happy development in the fairy tale. Fairy tale therapy considers fairy tales as a way of character education, as opportunity for discussion and solution of psychological and social problem of any person, as a way to develop positive and socially active thinking.Fairy tale therapy helps children understand themselves, and thus creates a sense of psychological security and allows children to develop their inner creative abilities and vital resources. A fairy tale is one of the ancient and at the same time one of the most effective tool for education and development. We can mark out some methods of the fairy tale therapy. - Telling and composition of the fairy tale. The therapist and the child can compose a fairy tale together, simultaneously dramatizing it in the whole or in some elements. The child can compose a fairy tale independently. If the child interrupts the story and offers the unexpected end, answers hasty, with lowering the voice, with excitement signs on the face (reddening, pallor, sweating, small habit spasms); refuses to answer the questions, shows the persevering desire to outstrip the event or to begin the fairy tale from the beginning – all this should be considered as the signs of pathological reaction to the test and, accordingly the neurotic state. - Fairy tale drawing method. It is recommended to draw the fairy tale after that, to sculpt it or represent in the form of the application. Drawing or working with the color cardboard, plasticizer, the child embodies all what worries him, his feelings and thoughts. Thereby he relieves from anxiety or other feelings which disturbed him. Quality of the image has no value. - Manufacturing of puppets method. With the help of this method the children have developing fine motor skills of hands, imagination, and ability to concentrate. The manipulation of the puppets allows relieving the nervous tension. The problems which can be solved by means of the puppets are the following: psycho-diagnostics carrying out; achievement of the emotional stability and self-control; acquisition of the important social skills, experience of the social interaction; development of the communicative skills; consciousness development; development of the gross and fine motor skills; resolution of the internal conflicts; prevention and correction of fears; speech development; search for the internal mechanisms for resistance to the diseases; correction of relations in the family; formation of psychosocial identity for boys and girls. - Fairytale Therapy diagnostics By means of the certain fairy tales and puppets it is possible to carry out the diagnostics of these or those problems of the child. The diagnostic effect in the course of the fairy tale telling is reached because: the figurative world of the fairy tales allows the child to identify himself with the character from the fairy tale. Children are to a considerable degree inclined to identify themselves with the animals rather than with people. Child unites his thoughts and worries with the thoughts and worries of the character from the told fairy tale and tells about them. During their history the fairy tales have been changed considerably, but the demand for them still remained the same. Fairy tales have a huge role in a child’s development. But it is very important to read fairy tales which correspond to the level of a child’s development.
Ш. 1. Answer the questions: 1) Who were the first men to apply art therapy to the psychiatry field? How did they consider art therapy? 2) What was the role of Margaret Naumburg in the development of art therapy? 3) How can you characterize the two part process of art therapy? 4) What is art therapy centered on? 5) Does art therapy really allow the patients to develop their own style of coping skills? 6) How does an art therapist use the child's unique and personal drawings during the art therapy sessions? 7) How do the children respond to art therapy? 8) How does the work with fairy tales help? 9) What methods of work with fairy tales can you name? 10) What are the signs of the neurotic state in children? 11) How is the diagnostic effect in the course of the fairy tale telling reached?
2. Say whether the following statements are true or false: 1) Ambrose Tardieu and Paul-Max Simon viewed the developing history of art therapy as one of the least effective diagnostic tools in order to identify a specific type of mental illness or traumatic event of the time. 2) Margaret Naumburg incorporated the field of art into psychotherapy in order for her own patients to visualize and recognize their unconscious state of mind. 3) Deeply rooted in the theories of Freud and Jung, only subconscious play a major part in the two part process of art therapy - the creation of art and having its meaning discovered. 4) Each patient, regardless of their problem or age, is encouraged to visualize something in their mind they cannot talk about, yet have strong feelings and emotions about it. 5) Art therapy, unfortunately, doesn’t allow the patients to develop their own style of coping skills, and promotes healing by relieving their stress. 6) Art therapy for children is when an art therapist shows children his own drawings in order to better understand the problems children face within their hidden subconscious. 7) Folk stories encourage creative thinking, finding new solutions to age-old problems, scripting of one's life, and establishing hope for the future. 8) Fairy tale therapy considers fairy tales as a way of character education, as opportunity for discussion and solution of psychological and social problem of any person, as a way to develop positive and socially active thinking. 9) If the child interrupts the story and offers the unexpected end, answers hasty, with lowering the voice, with excitement signs on the face (reddening, pallor, sweating, small habit spasms); refuses to answer the questions, shows the persevering desire to outstrip the event or to begin the fairy tale from the beginning – all this should be considered as the signs of normal child`s reaction to the test. 10) The diagnostic effect in the course of the fairy tale telling isn`t reached because: the figurative world of the fairy tales doesn`t allow the child to identify himself with the character from the fairy tale.
3. Continue the sentences: 1) Looking at similar characteristics… 2) The history of art therapy has shown that… 3) As the field of art therapy progresses… 4) Used for children, adolescents, and adults… 5) To use children's art for the psychotherapeutic purpose… 6) Working with fairy tales offers the possibility… 7) The therapist and the child can… 8) It is recommended to draw the fairy tale… 9) The manipulation of the puppets… 10) Child unites his thoughts and worries… 4. Which word in the list is odd? 1) reddening, smiling, pallor, sweating, small habit spasms; 2) to interrupt the story, to offer the unexpected end, to answer hasty, with lowering the voice, to describe logically; 3) to develop the style of coping skills, to create figurative world, to promote healing, to relieve stress; 4) a way of character education, an opportunity for discussion and solution of psychological and social problem of any person, a way of making puppets, a way to develop positive and socially active thinking. 5. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text: Looking at similar characteristics and symbolism of the patient's artwork, Ambrose Tardieu and Paul-Max Simon viewed the developing history of … … as one of the best effective … … in order to identify a specific type of mental illness or … … of the time. Deeply rooted in the theories of Freud and Jung, both the … and … play a major part in the … … … of art therapy - the creation of art and having its meaning discovered. As the field of art therapy progresses, it is centered on … …, and is mainly used in the mental health treatment. It is documented over the years through the history of art therapy that art therapy allows the patients to develop their own style of … …, and promotes healing by … their... … … for children shows the child's emotions and feelings they cannot talk about, such as anger, …, … … … …, violence in their homes, chaos in their lives, and many other issues the children … not … … themselves as they have hidden it to avoid the pain. Then … … … … the art therapist to keep the child's issues on an … …, keeping the discussion of the child's fears and problems … … … … … … encourage creative thinking, finding new solutions to … …, scripting of one's life, and establishing hope for the future. If the child interrupts the story and offers the unexpected end, answers …, with lowering the voice, with excitement signs on the face (…, …, …, … … …); refuses to answer the questions, shows the … … to … … … or to begin the fairy tale from the beginning – all this should be considered as the signs of pathological reaction to the test and, accordingly the … … Drawing or working with the … …, …, the child embodies all what worries him, his feelings and thoughts. The manipulation of the … allows relieving the…... 6. Give synonyms from the text: - to form a mental image of smth; - abilities to overcome smth; - indignation; - to realize fully; - frank; - to depend on; - picture; - to follow; - to blush; - whiteness; - doll; - not new; - metaphorical reality.
7. Make up the plan of the text. Here are the titles in the wrong order. Make the order correct: 1) Fairy tale therapy as a unique method of psychological, moral and spiritual support for children. 2) The two part process of art therapy. 3) Three participants who are involved in the process of art therapy for children. 4) Folk stories as " the language of the soul". 5) The children’s respond to art therapy. 6) How the diagnostic effect in the course of the fairy tale telling is reached. 7) The role of Ambrose Tardieu and Paul-Max Simon, French psychiatrists, in the developing history of art therapy. 8) Art therapy for children. 9) The foundation of the Walden School in the year 1915. 10) The known methods of the fairy tale therapy.
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