Студопедия — Types of presentation
Студопедия Главная Случайная страница Обратная связь

Разделы: Автомобили Астрономия Биология География Дом и сад Другие языки Другое Информатика История Культура Литература Логика Математика Медицина Металлургия Механика Образование Охрана труда Педагогика Политика Право Психология Религия Риторика Социология Спорт Строительство Технология Туризм Физика Философия Финансы Химия Черчение Экология Экономика Электроника

Types of presentation






Melanie Kray is an expert in giving presentation. Here, she gives some

examples of different presentations.

> press conference: two chief executives tell journalists why their companies

have merged

> briefing: a senior officer gives information to other officers about a police

operation they are about to undertake.

>d emonstration: the head of research and development tells non-technical

colleagues about a new machine.

> product launch: a car company announces a new model

>l ecture: a university professor communicates information about economics

to 300 students

> talk: a member of a stamp-collecting club tells other members about 19th

century British stamps.

> seminar: a financial adviser gives advice about investments to eight people.

>workshop: a yoga expert tells people how to improve their breathing

technique and gets them to practice

 

INTRODUCTION. General approach. Your abilities to speak

 

1. Developing your ability to speak to an audience is one of the greatest benefits you’ll ever derive from your time in further or higher education. We’ve said “developing” because it’s likely that you’ve already had some experience of

giving a talk, perhaps at school, for a club you belong to or in your place of work.

You will now have the chance to practise speaking effectively in a range of situations and in front of audiences of differing backgrounds and levels of knowledge.

If you make the most of these opportunities you will be gaining expertise which will be vital for your future and which may change you in ways you didn’t expect when you began.

2. Let’s look first at the practical outcome of your speaking abilities. A great deal is spoken and written nowadays about “transferable skills” that you can carry into your future, whether you are going to stay in academic life, teach or follow some job opportunities. In years to come, you may well change not only jobs but also your career itself. Transferable skills are those that you can take with you: they are valuable for the rest of your life. The ability to speak well enough to interest, influence or persuade other people is a major asset, whatever you choose to do in the future.

3. Many people are worried about talking to as audience and this is understandable – you may feel both nervous and vulnerable when you look at a roomful of people waiting to listen to you. This is a natural reaction and is in itself absolutely nothing to worry about. Most truly excellent speakers are nervous at the prospect of speaking.

But – and this is the greatest advantage of having a go – once you have made a successful presentation, you’ll gain enormously in confidence. This means that you are likely to make an even better presentation next time.

4. When we talk to other people whether formally or in conversation, we use at least three different techniques: we vary our voices, use changes of tone and reveal body language. People’s voices have qualities that may be attractive or unattractive: a low voice is usually easier to listen to than a high-pitched voice; a harsh voice can sound aggressive even when its owner feels at ease; a very soft voice may be pleasant at first, but becomes irritating if we, the listeners, have to concentrate hard to catch the words. Such qualities are easy to change, but we’re generally aware that we will speak more loudly if we’re annoyed, more softly in an intimate setting, more rapidly if we’re agitated and probably more slowly if we’re not sure how to put across an idea.

5. Tone of voice is also very powerful in showing your meaning. Think of the many ways in which you can say something as simple as “Thank you”. You can sound truly grateful, fully appreciating of the trouble someone has taken on your behalf, casual almost to the point of rudeness or impatient and sarcastic if you’re not really feeling grateful at all. We use differences of tone to reflect an emotional response beyond the straightforward meaning of our words.

6. What about non-verbal communication? It’s much harder to control our body language. This is considered largely by the cultural framework in which we grew up but also by the situation in which we find ourselves at the time of speaking. It can reveal a state of mind which we’d prefer to keep quiet about, and in this way the body language is both dangerous and important: it can either reinforce or contradict the words we use. We shall be looking at non-verbal communication in detail when we discuss making a presentation.

7. We’ve mentioned words which are the principle medium for communicating our ideas to other people. Choosing the “right” words is also a complex procedure, as it depends upon the meaning we want to convey, the person receiving the message and the situation in which the communication takes place.

When we are talking to a friend, we can usually be informal or even careless about our words, knowing that the recipient will understand out meaning even if we don’t express ourselves very clearly. If we are speaking to a prospective employer, we will be much more formal and careful about the words we choose.

8. If speaking is clearly an art we need to think about carefully so too is listening. We depend on the goodwill of the people who hear our words: do they really want to listen? Do they know how to interpret out tone of voice and out body language? Are they preoccupied by their own thoughts? Is their knowledge of the language we’re speaking good enough for our purposes?

So, you’ll be expected to listen well and speak effectively whether this will be one-to-one situations, for example, meetings with your tutor or in small groups such as seminars, or make formal presentations.

 

Check your understanding.

Exercise 1. Define the main idea of each paragraph. Write down your ideas

and key words below.

Paragraph 1 ……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………

Paragraph 2 ……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………….

Paragraph 3 …………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………

Paragraph 4 …………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………

Paragraph 5 ……………………………………………………………

………………………………………………….....................

…………………………………………………………………………..

Paragraph 6 ……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………..

Paragraph 7 ……………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….

Paragraph 8 ……………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………...

Exercise 2.Answer the following questions:

1. What are meant by “transferable skills?

2. Why is it necessary to develop your ability to speak?

3. While talking to an audience does it help to worry?

4. Is being nervous and vulnerable a natural reaction?

5 How to avoid your feeling of fear?

6. What techniques do we use when we talk to other people?

7. How voice can affect the understanding process?

8. Is tone of voice very powerful in showing your meaning? Why? Why not?

9. Why is it hard to control our body language?

10. Get your priorities right: a) the principle medium –words + body language

b) the principle medium- body language + words

11 How can you define:speaking”?

12.Which is more important in communication – to listen or to speak?

13. What does the choosing of the “right” words depend on?

 

Check your vocabulary.

Exercise 3. Translate the following words and word combinations into the

Russian language.

1.to develop abilities ……………………………………………………………….

2. an audience………………………………………………………………………

3. developing skills ……………………………………………………………….

4. transferable skill…………………………………………………………………

5. job opportunities ………………………………………………………………..

6. to be valuable …...................................................................................................

7. to be worries about talking …………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………

8. understandable …………………………………………………………………

9. to be nervous at the prospect of peaking ………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

10. confidence ……………………………………………………………………..

11. different techniques …………………………………………………………..

12. to vary our voices …………………………………………………………….

13. high-pitched voice ……………………………………………………………

14. to feel at ease ……………………………………………………………………

15. irritating ………………………………………………………………………..

16. to put across an idea …………………………………………………………….

17. casual to the point of rudeness ………………………………………………….

18. the cultural framework …………………………………………………………

19. to reveal a state of mind ………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

20.to hear and to listen to ………………………………………………………….

 

HOW TO BE EFFECTIVE in presentation: some tips

1.Read the following quotes and make your comment about them:

 

1) Successful presenting is communicating efficiently with people in order to

realize your objectives.

2) Proper preparation prevents poor performance.

3) Time spent on preparation is rarely wasted. (You are going into a sort of

battle – and you want to do as much as possible to make sure you win)

4) If you are to succeed, you need to enter the world of your audience.

Mark Twain said: “If you are to enter another person’s shoes you must first take off your own.”

A great way to enter the world of your audience is to ask yourself lots of questions about them. If you don’t know the answer, go and find it.

a)How many people will be there?

. b) Where are they formally located?

c)What are their priorities?

d) How are they split? Are they young or old, managers or managed,

receptive or hostile, experts on the subject or not?

e) What will these different sections of your audience do with your

ideas?

5) You don’t drown by falling in the water. You drown by staying there.

The best way to manage nerves is to prepare properly. Do this, and when you come to present, your nerves will be manageable.

6) The audience only pays attention as long as you know where you are going.

Your presentation should be carefully planned – your thoughts and materials should be organized as a road map that leads you to a particular destination.

Make sure that the final destination is clear.

7) If you are not ready, don’t start.

8) No one ever complains about a speech being too short. In other words,

you need to finish speaking before your audience finishes listening.

9) Shift your thinking from presenting to engaging. Have a conversation.

One way of engaging your audience is to ask them questions that are important to the audience. Not too clever, not an insult to their intelligence, but at the right level for them.

10)The most precious thing in speech is a silence. Pauses are powerful. When you

control the silence, you control the room.

11)Don’t take longer than necessary. A well-chosen word can have enormous

impact on an audience, as can the order in which you use words.

Think about the most powerful words in the language The right word may

be effective.

 

 

2. Read the conversation between management trainees talking about the preparation of presentations. They mention eight key areas. What areas do they mention? Number them in the order in which they are mentioned.

Key areas:

1) …………………………………………………………..

2) ……………………………………………………………

3) …………………………………………………………….

4) ……………………………………………………………

5) …………………………………………………………….

6) ……………………………………………………………..

7) ……………………………………………………………..

8) …………………………………………………………….

 

 

George: Right, now let’s think about the preparation of the

presentation. What do you have to do to prepare it?

Sara: The most important thing is to know the audience, find out about them.

Bob: Yes, but you need to make sure about your objectives first,

so decide on the objectives – what you want the talk to achieve.

Sara: Yes, but to do that, you need to know about the audience –

their knowledge, what they want to know, you know,

everything like that.

George: So, audience and objectives.

Hal: And the third thing you have to sort out is content, collect







Дата добавления: 2015-08-30; просмотров: 1297. Нарушение авторских прав; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!



Расчетные и графические задания Равновесный объем - это объем, определяемый равенством спроса и предложения...

Кардиналистский и ординалистский подходы Кардиналистский (количественный подход) к анализу полезности основан на представлении о возможности измерения различных благ в условных единицах полезности...

Обзор компонентов Multisim Компоненты – это основа любой схемы, это все элементы, из которых она состоит. Multisim оперирует с двумя категориями...

Композиция из абстрактных геометрических фигур Данная композиция состоит из линий, штриховки, абстрактных геометрических форм...

Алгоритм выполнения манипуляции Приемы наружного акушерского исследования. Приемы Леопольда – Левицкого. Цель...

ИГРЫ НА ТАКТИЛЬНОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ Методические рекомендации по проведению игр на тактильное взаимодействие...

Реформы П.А.Столыпина Сегодня уже никто не сомневается в том, что экономическая политика П...

Признаки классификации безопасности Можно выделить следующие признаки классификации безопасности. 1. По признаку масштабности принято различать следующие относительно самостоятельные геополитические уровни и виды безопасности. 1.1. Международная безопасность (глобальная и...

Прием и регистрация больных Пути госпитализации больных в стационар могут быть различны. В цен­тральное приемное отделение больные могут быть доставлены: 1) машиной скорой медицинской помощи в случае возникновения остро­го или обострения хронического заболевания...

ПУНКЦИЯ И КАТЕТЕРИЗАЦИЯ ПОДКЛЮЧИЧНОЙ ВЕНЫ   Пункцию и катетеризацию подключичной вены обычно производит хирург или анестезиолог, иногда — специально обученный терапевт...

Studopedia.info - Студопедия - 2014-2024 год . (0.014 сек.) русская версия | украинская версия