THE GERUNDThe Gerund is a non-finite form of the verb, which has verbal and nominal traits. Nominal traits:
the book. I had the pleasure of reading in the newspaper of your success.)
Verbal traits:
3. has tense distinctions, gerund of transitive verbs – voice distinctions.
Functions in the sentence: 1. subject (Skating is pleasant.) Герундий, выполняющий функцию подлежащего, может стоять после сказуемого. В этом случае перед сказуемым стоит место- имение it. Такое употребление герундия часто встречается после выражений: it is (of) no use it is useless бесполезно it is no good it is worth while стоит (потраченного времени) (It’s no use talking about it. Is it any good doing it?) 2. attribute (always preceded by preposition) The Oblique List: idea of opportunity of interest in hope for possibility of experience in way of habit of skill in chance of effort of pleasure in / of feeling of gift of difficulty in method of objection to instrument for means of surprise at reason for importance of disappointment at plan for fear of astonishment at apology for right of art of necessity of problem of intention of process of excuse for program for (There are different ways of solving this problem.)
3. predicative (The only remedy for such a headache as mine is going to bed.) - after the prepositions “for”, “against” - to be on the point of - to be far from (When I came to the office the manager was on the point of leaving.) Object a). direct object · mind the verbs after which the gerund is preferable: to begin to prefer to deny to continue to hate to avoid to like to intend to postpone to dislike I can (can’t)afford to stop to finish to put off to mind to enjoy to try to start to keep (on) to go on to suggest to give up to leave off to delay to need to require to cease to want to remember to quit to recall to recollect to regret to risk to mention to endure · also after the phrases: to be worth, to be busy. · after certain modal phrases in the negative form: can’t help can’t bear can’t stand can’t resist can’t face can’t fancy can’t imagine (When I entered the room, he was busy translating an article. I can’t help telling you about it. They can’t bear being humiliated. I remember having seen him before. I don’t mind walking ) b). indirect prepositional object mind the following verbs and word combinations: to be fond of to be proud of to be sure of to be ashamed of to be capable of to be surprised at to be engaged in to be busy in to be interested in to be keen on to be pleased at to be responsible for to be aware of to be guilty of to look like to feel like to insist on to depend on/upon to complain of to succeed in to thank for to think of to look forward to to praise for to accuse of to confess to to be used to to dream of to object to to approve of to agree to to rely on to prevent from to speak of to suspect of to blame for to be tired of to give up to persist in to apologize for to congratulate on to be tired of to be sorry for to be afraid of to quick in to aim at to believe in to long for (He complained of my walking too slowly. He objected to the ships leaving the port in such stormy weather.)
5. adverbial modifier: a). a. m. of time (with the prepositions: on, upon, after, before, in, at) (Before leaving for Moscow I called on my brother.) b). a. m. of cause (for, through, for fear of, owing to) (Excuse me for being so late. He caught cold through getting his feet wet.) c). a. m. of manner (by, in) (The day was spent in packing. He improved his article by changing the end.) d). a. m. of condition (without, in case of, in the event of) (You will never speak good English without learning grammar.) e). a. m. of purpose (for) (One side of the gallery was used for dancing.) f). a. m. of concession (in spite of, instead of) (In spite of being busy, he did all he could do to help her.) g). a. m. of attendant circumstances (without, besides, apart from, instead of) (Besides being clever, he is very industrious. He left the room without waiting for a reply.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- № 103 Point out the Gerund and comment on its noun and verb characteristics. Translateinto Russian. 1.He stopped writing and ran out into the bathroom. He started washing with great speed. He was two minutes late already. 2.It’s silly of me, but I can’t help feeling jealous. 3.On hearing the sound Rose hurried to the door and Grand to the window.4.The boy spent half the night in writing to his people. 5.I remember seeing it on the table. 6.He denied having opened the box. 7.I don’t like being lied to. 8.He left without having paid the bill. 9.He was accused of having entered the country illegally.10.Would you mind waiting a moment in the hall? 11.I disliked my mother’s interfering in our business. 12.Writing quickly tires my hand. 13.Talking about ourselves is what we modern authors have a strong objection to doing.
№ 104 Find gerunds in the sentences and state their noun and verb characteristics. Translate into Russian. 1.Travelling abroad can be exiting enough, but just now it is more exiting being here. 2.She stopped answering my letters and I wondered what the matter might be. 3.Can you recall having mentioned this fact to anyone? 4.Young Jolyon, on the point of leaving the club, had put on his hat, and was in the act of closing the hall, as the porter met him. 5.I understand perfectly your wanting to leave. 6.The host broke the silence by inviting the guests to proceed to the dining-room. 7.The idea is worth considering. 8.This is laying the blame at the wrong door. 9.People will talk, there is no preventing it. 10.On being told the news she gave a gasp of surprise. 11.I wonder at Jolyon’s allowing the engagement. 12.After having been rejected by a dozen magazines, the stories were published by “the Globe”.
№ 105 Give all the forms of the gerunds of the following verbs: e. g.: writing Indefinite having written Perfect being written Indefinite passive having been written Perfect passive
To read, to attract, to surprise, to walk, to discover, to sit.
№ 106 State the syntactical function of the Gerunds in the following: 1.I like skating better then any other sport. 2.His managing the sail-boat so skillfully saved him from a shipwreck. 3.Catching the dog was not an easy matter. 4. Your speaking so angrily makes me feel very sad. 5.I cannot go to his place with- out having done my lessons first. 6.He didn’t like her for finding fault with everything he did. 7.On entering the hall he noticed something strange in the corner. 8.His experiments have shown that portions of the brain may be cut off without producing any pain. 9.Looking after children requires patience. 10.It is no use discussing it now, we must act. 11.It was no good taking the little darling up to town, she got only tired.12.Seeing is believing. 13.What he loves best in the world is playing football. 14.By studying early in the morning he saved a good deal of time. 15.She knew that there was a danger of falling ill. 16.He was busy getting ready for the journey. 17.He enjoyed teaching and he knew that he did it well.
№ 107 Comment on the functions of the Gerund in the following sentences: 1.The main thing to do in this situation is getting away as soon as possible. 2.The car began moving away down the road. 3.Every second he kept glancing at the clock. 4.The kind woman began crying before the boy had finished his sad story. 5.Do you mind seeing these photos again? 6.On reading her letter he had once more a feeling of disappointment. 7.The idea of settling down in that little town filled her with nothing but regret. 8.He was in the habit of reading after dinner in his favourite armchair. 9.However hard he tried he could not stop thinking about it. 10.I dislike reminding you of the things you ought to have done. 11.I can’t afford buying this expensive hat. 12.Before speaking he carefully thought out what he was going to say. 13.I walked to my place as fast as I could without breaking into a run. 14.Oh, how I dislike being interrupted! 15.Nobody thought of anything but spending money, and having what they called “a good time”. 16.But instead of soothing Shelton these words had just the opposite effect.
№ 108 Complete the following using gerunds a).as a part of a compound verbal predicate: 1.Has it stopped …? 2.We must go on …. 3.The guide began …. 4.The doctor continued …. 5.When will you finish …? 6.Before the band started …. 7.The boy kept on …. 8.When the motors ceased …. 9. The kid burst out....
b). as a non-prepositional object: 1.Don’t put off …. 2.You should avoid …. 3.He hates …. 4.The book (poem, picture, film, proverb) is worth …. 5.She does not seem to mind …. 6.I don’t think he remembers …. 7.I don’t regret …. 8.Do you intend …? 9.Everyone enjoyed ….10.The car (stockings, house, shoes) wants (want) …. 11.They denied …. 12.The father suggested …. 13.He never mentioned …. 14.Just imagine …. 15.They don’t seem to have attempted …. 16. This new job is worth.... 17. She prefers... to.... 18. When will you stop...? 19. Do you remember...? c). as a prepositional object: 1.He never thought of …. 2.The boy is very clever at …. 3.I don’t insist on ….4.Does anyone object to …? 5.His friends accused him of …. 6.Children ought to be prevented from …. 7.I am not used to …. 8.Nobody suspected us of …. 9.He was quick in …. 10. Did he confess to …? 11.We were tired of …. 12.Why do you persist in …? 13.We are most grateful to our guide for …. 14.Who would have thought him capable of …? 15.Did you succeed in …? 16. I found them engaged in ….17.Who is responsible for …? 18. The parents didn’t approve of.... 19. He was blamed for....20. The old friends were used to.... 21. Nothing could prevent him from....
d).as an attribute: 1.It was very kind of you to have taken the trouble of …. 2.The idea of … was extremely exciting. 3.I can’t make out the reason for …. 4. There was little hope of …. 5.He is well-known for his skill in …. 6.In summer you will have the chance of …. 7.Do you have any objections to …? 8.At the party I had the pleasure of …. 9.He displayed no interest in …. 10.He very quickly got into the habit of …. 11.We were tired of …. 12.They snatched at the opportunity of …. 13.I’ve got no experience in …. 14.We took precautions against …. 15.This is the most perfect instrument for …. 16.What is the most effective method of …? 17. It was the only chance of.... 18. The young student gave the impression of.... 19. We must find the best way of.... 20. He grew into the habit of....
e).as an adverbial modifier: 1. His outlook has broadened after …. 2.In … she missed a line. 3. She took far too much upon herself by …. 4.I don’t want to raise false hopes by …. 5.He produced his pass on …. 6.You will have to take my words on faith before …. 7.He was so much irritated that on … he banged down the receiver without …. 8.In … the geological party struck upon a new oil deposit. 9.He could tell the funniest joke without …. 10.In spite of … the sportsman pulled through to the finish. 11.He was afraid he might upset all their plans by …. 12.But for … the play would not have enjoyed such popularity. 13.On … the young man did not trouble himself to reply. 14.Take your time before …. 15.On … she suddenly felt her nerves were at breaking point. 16.The matter cannot be so easily dismissed without ….
f).as subject or predicative: e. g.:(He liked to read books.) a). … was his favourite pastime. b).His favourite pastime was …. a).Reading books was his favourite pastime. b).His favourite pastime was reading books.
1.(Why go into every detail?) I think it’s no use …. 2.(Now you keep strict hours of meals.) … must do you a lot of good. 3.(The children watched the monkeys go through different tricks.) It was such fun …. 4. (We could not get in that night.) All the tickets were sold out, there was no …. 5.(I see you are going to assemble your bicycle.) Is it worth while … so long before the beginning of the season? 6.(It was so very pleasant to be free and alone.) What I enjoyed most in that quiet corner after the noise of the city was …. 7.(The boy cried over the broken toy.) “Is it any good …?” the mother said to the child. ”Tears are no help in sorrow.” 8.(I did not expect to find you there.) It was quite unexpected …. 9.(You distort facts and turn things upside down.) This is …, it is …. 10.(He liked to collect postage stamps.) a). … was a hobby with him. b).His hobby was …. 11.(When one reads without paying attention to the language, one robs oneself of great intellectual pleasure.) … is …. 12.(Did he realize what risk he was running when he tried to land the plane on such a small clearing in the wood?) He knew only too well that … was …, but there was no alternative.
№ 109 Use the appropriate form of the Gerund: 1. The old man caned me for (to smoke, to drink, to lie), (to avoid) church, (to skip) school. 2. Psychologists have succeeded in (to undermine) parents’ confidence in their own authority. 3. The children apologized for (not to come) home for Christmas dinner. 4. I am really ashamed of (not to write) to you so long. 5. He is proud of (to graduate) from Oxford University. 6. They insisted on the decision (to take) immediately. 7. She was indignant at her husband (to keep) so late at the office. 8. Nick’s mother was surprised at his (to accuse) of bad conduct at school. 9. Even now I still don’t like (to be) an only child. I hate a horror of (to be) alone. 10. He didn’t remember (to feel) lonely as a child, but he used to invent his own dream world.
№ 110 Use the appropriate form of the Gerund of the verbs in brackets: 1.(to speak) without (to think) is (to shoot) without aim. 2.Do you know what is peculiar about the English rule of (to drive)? 3.I’m glad to say that the lady didn’t keep us (to wait). 4.I remember (to take) to Paris when I was a very small child. 5.I strongly suspect Geruld of (to know) all about it beforehand, though he says he didn’t. 6.Excuse me for not (to write) more at the moment. 7.She never lost the power of (to form) quick decisions. 8.She denied (to see) me at the concert though I’m sure I saw her in the stalls. 9.I want to thank her for (to look) after the children while I was out. 10.He passed to the front door and out without (to see) us. 11.I enjoy (to read) poetry. 12.I don’t mind (to stay) here for a little while. 13.Are you going to keep me (to wait) all day? 14.He suspected her of (to give) the police information about him. 15.They reproached us for not (to come) to the party; they were waiting for us the whole evening. 16.I sat on the doorstep thinking over my chances of (to escape) from home. 17.There is very little hope of the work (to do) in time. 18.He had an air of (to be) master of his fate.
№ 111 Use the appropriate form of the Gerund. Insert prepositions where necessary. 1.Now I can boast (to see) Rome and London, Paris and Athens. 2.How did you like the English rule (to drive) on the left side of the road instead of the right? 3.I hate (to be) ill and (to stay) in bed. 4.We all kissed Mother (to go) to bed. 5.I’m not used to (to receive) presents. 6.At every school she went to she learned drawing, besides (to teach) by her father at home. 7.I remember (to go) to the British Museum one day. 8.She walked a little (to leave) her office. 9.My wife and I are looking forward (to see) you and Rosa. 10.The doctor left three different medicines with instructions (to give) them. 11.You can improve you pronunciation (to read) aloud.12.The children had to help (to sweep) and (to clean) the rooms and (to wash up) after meals. 13.The silence was broken by the sound of a door (to lock). 14.I dislike the idea (to spend) a holiday with thousands of other people. 15.I went out for a while (to give) the boy the prescribed medicine.
After the verbs to want, to need, to require, to deserve;after worth active gerund is used though it is passive in its meaning. (My watch needs repairing.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
№ 112 Open the brackets using the Gerund of the given verb in the active or passive voice (non-perfect form): 1.Why do you avoid (to see) me? 2.He tried to avoid (to see). 3.We insist on (to send) him there at once. 4.He insists on (to send) there instead of me. 5.Do you mind (to examine) the first? 6.He showed no sign of (to know) them. 7. He showed no sign of (to impress). 8.He had the most irritating habit of (to joke) at the wrong moment. 9.I was annoyed at (to interrupt) every other moment. 10.He hated (to remind) people of their duties or (to remind) of his. 11.On (to introduce) they easily fell (to talk). 12.In (to discuss) the problem they touched upon some very interesting items. 13.The equipmentmust go through a number of tests before (to install). 14.The water requires (to filter). 15.The matter is not worth (to speak of). 16.The operator can set the machine in motion by (to push) the button or (to press) the pedal.
№ 113 Open the brackets using the Gerund of the given verb in the active or passive voice (non-perfect form): 1. He was always ready for (to help) people. 2. He was very glad of (to help) in his difficulty. 3. On (to allow) to leave the room, the children immediately ran into the yard and began(to play). 4. In (to make) this experiment, they came across some very interesting phenomena. 5. The results of the experiment must be checked and rechecked before (to publish). 6. David was tired of (to scold) all the time. 7. The watch requires (to repair). 8. The problem is not worth (to discuss). 9. Jane Eyre remembered (to lock) up in the red room for (to contradict) Mrs. Reed. 10. Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 11. She tried to avoid (to speak) to. 12. The doctor insisted on (to send) the sick man to hospital. 13. The child insisted on (to send) home at once. 14. Do you mind him (to examine) by a heart specialist. 15. He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 16. She showed no sign of (to surprise). 17. He had a strange habit of (to interfere) in other people’s business. 18. I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment.
№ 114 Use the correct form of the Gerund. A. 1. Managers enjoy (to boss) other people but they hate (to contradict) to though some of them don’t mind (to give) a piece of advice if they are in trouble. 2. You denied (to ask) Langton to get poison or rather you expressed surprise at his (to do) so. 3. I remember (to go) to the British museum one day to read Encyclopedia Britannica. 4. I’ll talk to my convenience friend about (to be) overweight but not about (to depress). 5. I felt proud of (to be) of use to her but I couldn’t think of anything to say to her. 6. Mother jumped to the conclusion that the girl had gone out for the evening without (to tell) anybody. 7. We are thankful to you for (to meet) our friends at the airport. 8. He is upset by (to reject) by her. 9. That meant (to work) very hard and (to earn) no money for two or three more years. 10. I took a deep breath and followed my rule of never (to speak) frankly to women in moments of emotion. B. Mr. Davis hated his wife (to look) at. He also hated her (to invite) anywhere without him. But he did enjoy (to invite) especially by young pretty girls, and he didn’t mind (to look) at either and couldn’t understand why his wife did mind his (to go) out to different places without her. He didn’t mind (to borrow) money but disliked (to borrow) money from and avoided (to give) money even to his wife. He liked (to give) presents and her (to give) presents especially expensive ones by her relatives.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- With the verbs: to remember the Indefinite Gerund is used to thank (although the priority is meant) to forgive to excuse ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ № 115 Open the brackets using the Gerund in any appropriate form. 1.Excuse me for (to give) you so much trouble. 2.You never mentioned (to speak) to them on the subject. 3.He was proud of (to award) the prize. 4.I don’t remember ever (to see) you. 5.I don’t remember (to ask) this question. 6.The boys were punished for (to break) the window. 7.The boy was afraid of (to punish) and hid himself. 8.He was quite serious in (to say) that he was leaving the place for good. 9.She seemed sorry for (to be) rude to me. 10.He confessed to (to forget) that he was to come on Friday. 11.The old man could not stand (to make) fun of. 12.Letters were no use: he had no talent for (to express) himself on paper. 13.After thoroughly (to examine) by the doctor, the young man was admitted to the sports club. 14.Soon she could not help (to attract) by the fact that she was being looked at. 15.The camera wanted (to adjust). 16.They accused me of (to mislead) them. 17.She reproached me for not (to keep) my promise. 18.After (to look) through and (to sort) out, the letters were registered and filed. 19.He liked to do things without (to disturb) anyone or (to disturb). 20.She was so eagerly looking forward to (to give) the leading part to play that she was greatly disappointed at not even (to offer) it.
№ 116 Fill in the blanks with the prepositions if necessary: 1.You needn’t be ashamed … crying. 2.When are you thinking … leaving? 3.They don’t believe … wearing clothes. 4.Ellen is planning … getting married. 5.Berth would never admit … wearing make -up. 6.A number of people were arrested … demonstrating. 7.I’m sorry. I’m not good … lying. 8.They accused him … spying for the enemy. 9.I’m feed up … having to cook for him. 10.There’s someone outside who insists … seeing you. 11.I’m not used … getting up early. 12.At last I succeeded … finding the right way. 13.He insisted … showing me the pictures. 14.We apologized … being late. 15.I’m thinking … going to the North this summer. 16.He was grateful … listening to him. 17.She was engaged … cooking. 18.She insisted … showing her everything. 19.Do you suspect me … saying a lie? 20.He was accused … steeling a car.
№ 117 Use prepositions where necessary. 1. I certainly didn’t find it out... talking to the neighbours. 2. Thanks... helping me, Dad. 3. He made his living... driving trucks. 4. “I’m getting married but I’m sure my future wife won’t object... my keeping irregular hours,” he said. 5. Why do you insist... changing your job? 6.... making his choice among educational institutions the student must consider many factors. 7. However, after such an academic course, many students still have no practical skill... doing a job. 8. He was in the army... getting married. 9. My brother had a boy’s pride... explaining these localities to me. 10. Certain people have a gift... predicting things. 11. What is the use... keeping her waiting? 12. To my way... thinking our finances are nobody else’s business. 13. I said a hearty hello and walked past her... stopping to talk. 14. He gave... taking drugs. 15. When he was passing the dining car, he saw three men engaged... playing cards. 16.... preparing myself to teach, I could also be preparing myself to write.
№ 118 Complete the sentences by using the gerunds of the given verbs. Use the prepositions if necessary: A.1.I have no intention … (to stay) here any longer. 2.She insisted … (to help) me. 3.Are you fond … (to play) chess? 4.He has had very much experience … (to teach). 5.There is no possibility … (to find) his address. 6.There is little chance … (to see) her today. 7.We have the pleasure … (to send) you our catalogues. 8.I think … (to go) to the South in summer. 9.He is afraid … (to catch) cold. 10.I am proud … (to have) such a son. 11.The rain prevented me …(to come). 12.He is engaged … (to write) a book. 13.They had much difficulty … (to find) the house. 14. My friend succeeded... (to translate) this difficult text. 15. She suspected him... (to deceive) her. 16. The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood heartily... (to help) him. 17. He gave up the idea... ever (to hear) from him. 18. Martin denied... (to steal) the bicycle. 19. The TV’s not working at the moment but we can’t afford... (to buy) a new one. 20. I regret... (to split up) with my boyfriend. B. 1. We are looking forward... (to see) you again. 2. He has always dreamt... (to visit) other countries. 3. He persisted... (to try) to solve this difficult problem. 4. The cold weather prevented the girls... (to go) for long walks. 5. Jane thought... (to leave) Lowood after Miss Temple’s marriage. 6. They accuse him... (to rob) the house. 7.. He would never agree... their (to go) on that dangerous voyage. 8. He didn’t approve... her (to drink) so much coffee. 9. All the happiness of my life depends... your (to love) me. 10. I don’t feel like (to see) him. 11. The teacher of mathematics did not approve... his pupils (to dream). 12. I’m looking forward... (to go) on holiday. 13. She congratulated herself... (to think) such a good idea. 14. He was afraid... (to wake) her. 15. I stretched out my hand to prevent her... (to fall). 16. I insisted... (to be told) the truth. 17. I object... his (to borrow) money from you. 18. I don’t mind... (to study) grammar but I sometimes find it difficult. 19. My brother has given... (to smoke). 20. My hair needs... (to cut).
№ 119 Complete the sentences in your own words, using the verb in brackets. 1. I can’t afford (buy).... 2. My mother is trying (give up).... 3. We are looking forward to (spend).... 4. Our class still hasn’t finished (do).... 5. I am always putting off (do).... 6. I never manage (finish).... 7. I hope (pass).... 8. I don’t mind (wait)....
№ 120 Complete the following, using the Gerund: 1. The children couldn’t help …. 2. The audience burst out …. 3. He has given up ….4. There is nothing like …. 5. I don’t feel like …. 6. It’s no use …. 7. If it were not for …. 8. We were for …. 9. He was against …. 10. There is no harm in …. 11. I can see no sense in …. 12. She hesitated to say it for fear of …. 13. Far from …, they …. 14. Besides …, the play …. 15. I … instead of …. 16. Far from …, the book …. 17. My friends and I are very keen on.... 18. If you work hard, I am sure you’ll succeed in.... 19. Nobody in my family is interested in.... 20. I regret.... 21. She couldn’t help.... 22. We have been long looking forward to....23. Nothing in the world could keep me from.... 24. There’s no use.... 25. It’s no good.... 26. How about...? 27. You’re trying to persuade me in spite of.... 28. Why don’t you do some work about the house instead of...? 29. He lit a cigarette before.... 30. He proved it by.... № 121 Complete the following, using the Gerund: 1.We couldn’t even dream of …. 2.Everybody wished he stopped …. 3.He is sure to boast of …. 4.You can’t act without …. 5.Are English people fond of …? 6.I hardly remember …. 7.We don’t often have the chance of …. 8.My children are not used to …. 9.Is there any use in …? 10.He didn’t care for …. 11.We all look forward to …. 12.Everybody disliked the idea of …. 13.He has given up ….14.What kept you from …? 15.Is it worth while …? 16.The boy kept on …. 17.What prevented her from …? 18.The audience enjoyed …. 19.What do you mean by …? 20. Mary is fed up with.... 21. I translated this text without.... 22. They quarrelled because of.... 23. She took the plane immediately on....
№ 122 Put the verb into the correct form. Use the preposition if necessary. 1. After a long time we eventually succeeded (to find) a flat. 2. I’ve been thinking (look) for a new job. 3. His parents didn’t approve... his (stay) out so late. 4. I wonder what prevented him (come) to the party. 5. I’m getting hungry. I’m looking forward (have) dinner. 6. I don’t feel like (study) today. 7. Forgive me (interrupt) you but I must ask you a question. 8. The arrested man was suspected (break) into a house. 9. Have you ever thought (get) married? 10. I’ve always dreamed (live) on a small island in the Pacific. 11. The cold water didn’t stop her (have) a swim. 12. She apologized (be) so rude to me. 13. Jack insisted (go) out by himself. 14. Have you ever been accused (commit) a crime? 15. I congratulated Ann (pass) the exam. 16. They warned us (drive) in such bad weather. 17. I thanked my friends (be) so helpful. 18. I never remember (set) my alarm-clock so I always get up late.
№ 123 Open the brackets. Insert the prepositions where necessary. 1.Are you used (to speak to) like that to your employer? 2.He only succeeded (to take for) a bore. 3.I have come to apologize (to cause) all that trouble. 4.She insisted (to treat) like a grown woman. 5.How can I thank you enough (to come) to my rescue? 6.He isn’t exactly grateful (to put)in his place. 7.She suspects me (to read) her diary. 8.Who is responsible (to keep) the place in order? 9.He was accused (to sell) information to rival firms. 10.I have been thinking (to try) my hand at it myself.
№ 124 Paraphrase the underlined parts of the sentences using the Gerund. 1.He said all this and he didn’t even smile. 2.We suspected that the boy was lying. 3 .Nobody could tell when they were going to return. 4.She didn’t want to make an effort. 5. It is necessary to brush the coat. 6 .It was impossible to reason with her when she felt like this. 7.She was very clever she could turn an old dress into a new one. 8.He wouldn’t say whether he meant to buy the car before he took it for a trial run. 9.Let’s go out for dinner I didn’t feel well enough to cook anything. 10.I don’t like the idea that I should do it all.
№ 125 Paraphrase the underlined subclauses so as to use the Gerund with the preposition: 1.She didn’t go to the party because the baby caught the measles. 2.He said there was no danger whatever that anybody should set us free. 3.For some time we discussed the idea that seven-year-olds should be taught Latin. 4.She gave me the letter when I came home in the evening. 5.Don’t come here again before he sends in a report on your stuff. 6.The fire started because somebody dropped a lighted cigarette into a waste paperbasket. № 126 Change the following sentences using the Gerund. 1. We couldn’t get used to the fact that they denied us that chance. 2. When the girl entered the office she felt embarrassed when she saw who the boss was. 3. I see no reason why you should break with John. 4. He suggested that I should apply for the post. 5. Having heard the tragic news she burst into tears. 6. Having examined the report he understood it was no good. 7. Before she went to bed she called her friend. 8. The young woman was surprised to see her son with a girl. 9. She was very tired because she had been typing the whole day. 10. After he turned corners aimlessly, he drove back to her house. № 127 Transform the sentences so as to use the Gerund. Mind the prepositions. 1.When I received the telegram, I started home at once. 2.You may avoid many mistakes if you observe these rules. 3.When he entered the room, he greeted everybody. 4.After they had sat there a few minutes, they continued their journey. 5.While he was copying the text, he made a few mistakes. 6.I’m thankful that I have been stopped in time. 7.I remember that I have read this book. 8.After she had tried all the keys on the ring, she finally found the right one. 9.He is proud that he has never been beaten at chess by his fellow students. 10.I don’t remember that I have ever come across his name before. 11.His arm was not in a sling and showed no sign that it had been injured. 12.You can improve your knowledge of English if you read more.
№ 128 Complete the sentences, using the Gerund or the Infinitive where possible: 1. I couldn’t help …. 2.I’m tired of …. 3.He left the room without …. 4.At last we succeeded in …. 5.She was prevented from …. 6.I gave up …. 7.He went to the club instead of …. 8.You should avoid …. 9.He read the newspaper before …. 10.He has no intention of …. 11.She is very fond of …. 12.He likes …. 13.He started …. 14.She enjoys …. 15.Have you finished …? 16.I could not prevent him from …. 17.I’m proud of …. 18.He went to bed after …. 19.They are engaged in …. 20.It is worth while …. 21.When I entered the room, the children stopped …. 22.I ought to apologize for …. 23.He began his working day by …. 24.There is no probability of …. 25.You can help me by …. 26.He looked at me without …. 27.I had my breakfast before …. 28.It is rather cold today, it is worth while …. 29.He has improved his pronunciation by …. 30.As the children were listening attentively, I continued …. 31.He objects to …. 32.Last year we spent much time in …. 33.He has began …. 34.He raised his hat on …. 35.He was accused of …. 36.Thank you for …. 37.I can’t afford …. 38.They have no intention of …. 39.He stopped ….
№ 129 Complete the sentences with one of the given verbs in the correct form; To ask, to have, to turn, to complain, to watch.
№ 130 Change direct speech into reported speech. Begin each of your sentences in the way shown. Mind the prepositions. p. e.: “It was nice of you to help me. Thanks very much.” (George said to you.) George thanked me for helping him.
5. “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier.” (Margaret said to you.) Margaret apologised... not....
№ 131 Express obligation and ability with Gerund forms according to the model. e. g.: 1. She has to give interviews. She can’t stand it. She can’t stand having to give interviews. 1. She can speak English and French. She enjoys it. She enjoys being able to speak English and French. 1. We have to write dictations every week. We mind it. 2. He had to get up at 6 o’clock every morning. He hated it. 3. We could swim easily several miles in the sea. I remember it. 4. We could talk with her for hours without being interrupted. I miss it. 5. She can bring anyone to her way of thinking. She enjoys it. 6. She has to smile to all the customers all day long. She can’t stand it.
№ 132 Put one of the verbs in its correct form (gerund or infinitive) in the gaps in the text. To go, to persuade, to have, to be, to copy, to study, to encourage, to improve. The best motivator? In some US schools, laughter is being taken seriously as a mechanism for increasing motivation and... (1)... better student / teacher relationships. Schools are using laughter...(2)... the results of their students. The findings of recent research into how students learn has helped...(3)... education experts that humour is a good thing. According to Dr. Sam Barnes, a leading education expert: “Laughter loves crowds, and crowds love laughter. While the personal advantages of...(4)... fun at school are obvious, the educational benefits have not been recognized. Students have to work hard all the time....(5)... a student can be extremely tedious. By the end of the day, many students have switched off and their concentration has gone. But now they look forward to...(6)... to school. They enjoy...(7)... In an atmosphere like this and we are getting better results in examinations.” On the other hand, humour has to be handled carefully. What one person sees as a joke, another may find offensive and embarrassing. It’s not simply a question of...(8) techniques from other countries: ideas have to be adapted to fit particular situations.
|
