Формы причастий. Подобно личным формам глагола, неличные формы имеют время и залог

Подобно личным формам глагола, неличные формы имеют время и залог. Они обычно выражают действие или одновременное (неперфектные формы), или предшествующее (перфектные формы) действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым в личной форме:

Упр. 1. Определите функцию инфинитива в следующих предложениях и переведите их:

1. We know plant culture to have begun many thousand years ago. 2. Numerous things we use in everyday life are known to be made either directly or indirectly from plants. 3. The importance of the Non-Black. Soil Zone from agricultural point of view is great, and from this area much farm produce is to come according to the Food Programme. 4. To increase the yields of farm crops farmers apply different fertilizers and use various agricultural practices. 5. To increase farm crop yields to a considerable extent is the main task of many state and collective farms. 6. It is a well known fact that water to be consumed by man should not be salty. 7. No natural resources on our planet are likely to have so many uses as water. 8. Per capita use of water has been found to increase rapidly in future. 9. We believe the dog to have been the first domesticated animal. 10. Green plants use the Sun’s energy in order to manufacture food. 11. The amount of the Sun’s energy fixed by plants does not seem to be great.

Упр. 2. Сгруппируйте предложения с неличной формой глагола с суффиксом — герундием и причастием. Переведите их:

1. Man will not be able to live without growing plants for himself and for feeding farm animals. 2. Plants being highly important for man, the latter grows them widely and improves them by using such methods as selection and hybridization. 3. Some of the old and unproductive breeds of cattle are now being improved by our scientists’ using crossbreeding. 4. Breeding farm animals being done under human control, one can develop breeds that will suit different climatic conditions. 5. Since the number of some kinds of wild animals is decreasing with every coming year, the task of the people is to preserve them for future generations by their being protected from all harmful and dangerous-to-life factors of the environment. 6. Increasing mechanization on plant growing and livestock farms is one of the most important means of raising labour productivity. 7. Changing the microclimate is affected by many factors, planting forests being one of them. 8. Studying the ecosystem, we can analyse its structure and the processes in it. 9. His task was studying the interrelations between the living organisms and their environment in the northern part of the Urals.

Упр. 3. Определите функцию причастия в следующих предложениях и переведите их:

1. This small tree was planted three months ago. 2. The trees planted by you cannot make a normal growth as certain elements of plant food are deficient in the soil. 3. The students of our Institute planted many trees in the new park last year. 4. Many trees have been planted in the streets of our town this year. 5. We have planted many trees near our hose. 6. Newly planted trees must be watered.