Exploitation of natural resources
1. deposit | repository (formal) [ countable ] a layer of a mineral, metal or another substance that is left in soil or rocks through a natural process месторождение, залежь, залежи: a mineral / iron ore / coal / oil / gas deposit | underground deposits of gold and diamonds | rich deposits of oil and natural gas | There is the equally important matter of safeguarding mineral deposits. | Mineral undertakers have long-standing powers to obtain rights over land containing mineral deposits. | This area happens to be the repository of most of Iraq's oil. to discover / find / identify a deposit: Rich mineral deposits have been discovered in the area. | There's a huge amount of oil that hasn't been discovered. | Valuable new deposits of tin have been found in Bolivia. | Typically, they hunt vast areas to find suitable deposits. | In March 1988 Glencar announced that it had found deposits of gold, estimating the reserves at £300 million. | Its companies have identified billions of dollars' worth of oil and mineral deposits. 2. coal field | coalfield | coal deposit [ countable ] an area where there is coal under the ground that is suitable for mining месторождение / залежь / залежи угля, угольное месторождение; угольный бассейн: Coal-fired plants are mainly located inland, and very close to existing coalfields. | Other coalfields have changed in similar ways. | A detailed revision of the coalfield areas commenced in 1902. 3. coal mine | coal pit (British English) [ countable ] a place from which coal is dug out of the ground угольная шахта, угольный карьер: They used to live in the county of Saepiol in North Hamgyong, where the father worked in the Aoji coal mine. | Cerrejon is the second largest open pit coal mine in the world. 4. oil field | oilfield | oil deposit [ countable ] an area of land or sea under which there is oil месторождение нефти; нефтяной бассейн: As more oilfields were discovered, petroleum products increased by more than 16 times in the 1920s. | Five more oilfields were producing oil from the North Sea continental shelf in 1976, including the massive Brent and Alpha fields. | The purpose of the visit was to review North Sea technologies with a view to utilizing them in their own oilfields. | Drilling will continue on the site to assess the dimensions of the new oilfield. to operate an oil field: Under a 1986 standstill agreement, the fields are still partly the property of the American oil companies, though they have been operated by the Libyan government. 5. gas field | gasfield | gas deposit [ countable ] an area of land or sea under which there is natural gas месторождение (природного) газа, газовое месторождение; газоносная площадь: There are indications that in this gas field a secondary fracture porosity may exist. | Mr Stevenson said he expected to get at least $60 million from the sale of the company's Australian fuel retailing business and more than 30 million for its 8.5 per cent stake in a Pakistani gasfield. 6. coal field | oil field | gas field COLLOCATIONS in / on a coal field / oil field / gas field: During their period production trebled in the coalfield. | Labour unrest followed in the coalfields, in the cotton mills and on the railways. | The era of class confrontation in Britain's coalfields had been confined mainly to the short period 1910-26. | But on the coalfield and in the factories of the towns there was an increasing demand for labour. | The work on the coalfields was intensified and a widespread search for minerals which were normally imported was carried out. 7. to prospect | to explore | to dig [ intransitive ] to examine an area of land or water, in order to find gold, silver, oil or another valuable substance проводить разведку, искать, производить поиск, делать изыскания, разведывать (месторождение); исследовать to prospect (for sth): The oil companies are already prospecting not far from here. | The company is prospecting for gold in Alaska. | He prospected for minerals everywhere from the Gobi Desert to the Transvaal. | Oil companies spend much of their profit in prospecting for oil. to explore (sth) for sth | to dig for sth: Central to the operation is a mile-deep well, dug originally to explore for oil. | The government is allowing the areas of inshore coastal waters to be explored for oil and gas. | Already this year, some 120 companies have joined Libya's first open bidding process to dig for new oil in 15 areas; the bid results are expected in January. 8. to mine [ transitive – usually passive; intransitive ] to dig large holes in the ground in order to remove such a mineral as coal, gold, copper, tin, lead, diamonds добывать, разрабатывать месторождение / рудник to mine sth (from sth): They mine a lot of copper around these parts. | Copper has been mined here since the sixteenth century. | This area has been mined for over 300 years. | In Britain in 1690 three million tons of coal were mined. | Gold is mined from deep under ground. | For centuries small amounts of coal had been mined from shallow pits. to mine for sth: The company first started mining for salt in 1851. | Most of the new settlers came here to mine for gold. | Explorers have been mining for gold in this area for several years. | People still mine for coal in this area. 9. prospecting | exploration [ uncountable ] the examination of an area of land or water, in order to find gold, silver, oil or another valuable substance разведочные / поисково-разведочные работы, изыскания, изыскательские работы, разведка (месторождения), ведение поиска / разведки; старательство; рудоискательство: Gold prospecting in Ireland started much earlier than this – in 1957 Anglo-United were prospecting for gold in Clentibret. | The government has announced the opening of the first tender for exploration on its continental shelf. | The legislative and regulatory framework applied to gas exploration is also included in the study. | We are acknowledged leaders in many aspects of gas exploration, production and supply. | The rest will be open to exploration companies under tight restrictions. prospecting for sth: Increased tin and gold metal prices from 1980 onwards encouraged prospecting for these commodities. exploration for sth: The exploration for new sources of energy is vital for the future of our planet. to carry out / conduct / be involved in prospecting / exploration: Little mineral exploration has been carried out in the area which is poorly exposed except in coastal sections. | The Group conducts substantially all of its oil and gas exploration and development activity through unincorporated joint ventures. | He was involved in oil, zinc and lead prospecting. exploration facility / equipment разведочное оборудование / снаряжение: oil exploration facilities in the North Sea 10. oil rig [ countable ] a large structure on the land or in the sea, which has equipment for getting oil from under the ground or the bottom of the sea нефтяная вышка; установка для бурения нефтяных скважин: It is rumoured that an oil rig is to be set up on the local water meadows. | He works on the oil rigs. | Five oilmen were injured when a gas explosion shook a North Sea oil rig yesterday. oil (rig) platform a large structure in the sea, which has equipment for getting oil from under the bottom of the sea нефтепромысловая платформа, нефтепромысловое основание: Balder is a semi-submersible crane barge designed for work in constructing oil rig platforms. 11. pipeline | oil / gas pipeline [ countable ] a line of connecting pipes, often under the ground, used for sending gas, oil, water etc over long distances трубопровод; нефтепровод; газопровод: This pipeline will supply the major Greek cities with Russian natural gas. | Gas and oil pipelines have staunched many creeks and rivers, swamping prime pastures and crop lands. | Cities are full of gas stations, motor vehicles, natural gas pipelines, and the like. | Many problems lie ahead for the development of gas pipelines, but the prospects are increasingly positive. | What should be the first region to be developed for the long-distance gas pipeline? | To fill the gap, imports from the Siberian gas pipeline are envisaged. through a pipeline по трубопроводу: Gas exports through the new trans-Siberian export pipeline from Urengoy have helped in the past and will help in the future. to build / construct / lay a pipeline строить / прокладывать трубопровод: A consortium plans to build a natural-gas pipeline from Russia to supply eastern Germany. | The East-West pipeline is nearly half welded and laid. the building / construction of a pipeline: But the war is also about the building of a gas pipeline. | Soviet agreements with the Shah included credits for arms purchases and the construction of an oil pipeline. to carry / transport sth by pipeline | to push / ship sth through a pipeline подавать / перекачивать по трубопроводу, транспортировать по трубопроводу: Natural gas is transported by pipeline. | Another is to transport coal slurry by pipeline from mines to power stations situated in areas of high electricity demand. | What do you push through the pipeline that makes you the most amount of money and provides the most benefit? | No further oil was shipped through Lonrho's pipeline, causing the company loss of revenue. transportation by pipeline: Transportation by pipeline and handling are simple, and local storage is not required. a pipeline bursts трубопровод лопается / разрывается: Thousands of gallons of oil flowed into he river when an oil pipeline burst. 12. prospector [ countable ] someone who examines an area of land or water, in order to find gold, silver, oil or other valuable substances геолог-разведчик, изыскатель; старатель, золотоискатель; рудоискатель: The discovery of gold and silver brought a flood of prospectors into the Arizona and New Mexico Territories. 13. coal miner | pitman | collier (British English) (old-fashioned) [ countable ] someone who digs coal in a coal mine шахтер, горняк: The Government's prime motivation is to carry out an act of revenge on coal miners and coal mining communities. | The coal miners throughout the Soviet Union went on strike. | Many of the older pitmen may never work again.
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