Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень от наречий.
Подчеркните парные союзы. Переведите предложения. 1. He’s lived in both Britain and America. 2. She can both speak and write Japanese. 3. She’s the kind of person you either love or hate. 4. The equipment is neither accurate nor safe. 5. Her ring is twice as big as mine.
Образуйте порядковые числительные от количественных числительных.
Переведите словосочетания и составьте с ними предложения. defence evidence, prosecution evidence, to give evidence, to support evidence, to tailor evidence, false evidence, to comment on the evidence, important parts of evidence, stronger evidence, hearsay evidence, reliable evidence, to follow evidence, to hear the evidence, to offer no further evidence.
Определите, какие формы инфинитива выражают а) действие, одновременное с действием сказуемого; б) действие в процессе его развития одновременно с действием сказуемого; в) действие, которое предшествует действию, выраженному сказуемым; г) действие, продолжившееся в течение определенного периода времени и предшествовавшее действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым. To have been supported, to have been hold, to be deciding, to have been allowed, to be tailoring, to have been demonstrating, to happen, to have broken, to have been charged, to be preparing, to be made, to have been called, to have been commenting, to have been proved, to have been considering, to have been reflected.
6. Переведите предложения с оборотом «Complex Subject». Подчеркните сложное подлежащее в предложениях. 1. Judge’s summing-up seems to be fair and balanced. 2. The prosecution was expected to have charged the defendant. 3. The lawyer is known to support the case of the defendant. 4. The defendant seemed to have pled guilty. 5. The judge is likely to know a good deal about the defendant. 6. He is expected to be more lenient towards a defendant of good character.
Прочитайте и переведите текст. TEXT DEFENCE EVIDENCE, CLOSING SPEECHES AND JUDGE’S SUMMING-UP The defence evidence is the fifth stage of a criminal trial. The defendant may give evidence, and his lawyer can call any witnesses to support his case. The procedure of giving evidence is the same both for the prosecution and for the defence – examination-in-chief (direct examination), cross-examination. A defendant does not have to give evidence, but the law is that if he does not, the jury may “draw inferences” from his failure to do so. In other words, they may hold it against him when deciding whether he is guilty. Normally, when a defendant gives evidence he must be called as the first defence witness. This is because he is entitled to sit in court throughout the trial, and it would not be right to allow him to call witnesses, and then tailor his evidence to the evidence they have given. The cross-examination of a defendant can be the highlight of a criminal trial. This is the prosecution’s chance to demonstrate the case against him very directly and personally. What happens if a witness (whether for the prosecution or the defence) breaks his oath and tells lies? Any person who gives false evidence in court about an important matter may in theory be charged with the criminal offence of perjury but the prosecution for perjury is rare. People are usually charged with perjury only when they have conspired together in a carefully prepared plan to give false evidence. The prosecution and defence closing speeches are the next stages of a criminal trial. The prosecution barrister will usually make a final speech to the jury explaining how, in the light of all the evidence which has been called, the prosecution says that their case is proved. In their closing speeches, barristers are allowed to comment on the evidence. Judge’s summing-up is the seventh stage of a criminal trial. There are two main parts to every summing-up: Ø The judge must first tell the jury what the law is. This includes giving them “legal directions” that the prosecution must prove the case so that they are sure that the defendant is guilty. He must also give directions as to what the prosecution must prove in order to make them sure. If there are several defendants charged with a number of different offences, the judge must ensure that the jury understands what the law is in each case. If there are two or more charges, the judge must tell the jury to consider the charges separately, each on its own merits, and make a separate decision in each case. It is possible for the jury to find the defendant guilty of all charges, or guilty of theft, not guilty of assault, etc. Ø The judge must remind the jury of the important parts of evidence, including the evidence called by the defence. He must do his best to give a fair and balanced summary of the facts. This does not mean that he should try to make the prosecution and the defence cases sound equally strong. Where it is clear that the evidence for one side is much stronger than the evidence for the other, a fair summing-up will reflect that.
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