MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS. 1) There are different types of medication the usage of which is chosen according to many reasons
1) There are different types of medication the usage of which is chosen according to many reasons. So creams are more acceptable cosmetically being less visible. Ointments are greasier than creams and have a thicker texture. Pastes are stiffer preparations which contain more powdered solids. Lotions are liquid and used mostly in hairy areas. Try to give the same comparison chain to the following remedies: tablets – capsules - pills, solution – syrup – spray.
2) Any label of the drug contains a lot of useful information: the name of it, the ingredients, the directions for administration, the dosage to be taken, the possible side-effects, the limitations, and some other necessary points. Do you personally always read everything up to the very end? Why?
3) In our country a chemist’s shop sells a wide range of non-prescription medicines and other products such as cosmetics. Should there be any limitations on what can be bought at the chemist’s?
4) Any label of the drug contains a lot of useful information: the name of it, the ingredients, the directions for administration, the dosage to be taken, the possible side-effects, the limitations, and some other necessary points. Think, reply to the following questions and explain your answer. Which items are more important for doctors and what parts should be studied by consumers mostly?
5) “I am going to be a mother in some months, you know. And I would like to prepare everything beforehand. What kind of remedies can you recommend to buy now in order to have them available at home?” - said a young woman to a pharmacist at the chemist’s. What would you advise her?
[1] Like, e.g. I had my TV fixed – мне починили телевизор [2] GP – general practitioner –врач общей практики [3] Profile – совокупность параметров; medication profile – совокупность лекарств для лечения данного больного и данного состояния [4] EMS – Emergency Medical Service [5] GP – general practitioner, a physician MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса.СПбГПМУ,2013 Составители: И.И.Могилева, И.Л.Гальфанович, М.Ю.Дайнеко, В.А.Кузина, М.П.Слободчикова, Л.М.Тюмина Рецензент: Доцент кафедры немецкой филологии РГПУ им. А.И.Герцена, кандидат филологических наук, Н.В.Пигина Ответственный редактор: заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков с курсом русского языка СПбГПМУ, кандидат филологических наук, доцент И.И.Могилева Методические указания предназначены для развития дискурсивной компетенции по теме «Медицинские учреждения» на английском языке у студентов –медиков. В пособие включены 3 основных текста: Поликлиника, Аптека и Больница и несколько дополнительных текстов, расширяющих заявленные темы. Основные тексты снабжены списком слов, необходимых для обсуждения текста, с толкованиями, особо поясняющими текстовые идиомы. Все тексты сопровождаются упражнениями, направленными как на развитие лингвистического анализа словоформ, так и на создание речевых навыков. Совершенствование дискурсивной компетенции студентов формируется постепенно, от упражнений с лексической подсказкой, на изменение формы слова или подстановку, до ведения обучающимися беседы в условиях заданной ситуации общения. Основные тексты пособия откорректированы носителями аутентичного языка из Британии и США, дополнительные взяты из аутентичных источников медицинских сайтов интернета.
THE POLYCLINIC When a person in Russia falls ill, he calls a local polyclinic doctor. If his condition is not very bad and he does not have a high temperature, he goes to the polyclinic and his doctor examines him there. Every patient applies to a certain physician treating all the people in that district of the residential community, so any physician at the polyclinic knows his patients very well. Besides local physicians, specialists of various fields of medicine work at the polyclinic: surgeons, neurologists, eye doctors, ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctors, radiologists, cardiologists, urologists, physiotherapists, etc. During the medical examination, the local physician first asks the patient what brought him to the doctor. Then the physician listens to the patient’s heart and lungs, takes his pulse and blood pressure or looks into the patient’s throat if necessary according to the patient’s complaints. Before making a diagnosis, the physician can refer the patient to the laboratory to have a blood or urine test done or to a specialist for an X-ray, an ECG or for an examination. The laboratory tests as well as other instrumental investigations help the doctor to make a correct diagnosis and to administer the proper treatment. Every patient has a medical record called a “personal patient’s card” in Russia that each doctor fills in every time the patient visits the local polyclinic. Everything about the patient: the patient’s complaints, diagnoses, treatment(s) administered, and all changes in the patient’s condition are recorded in the patient’s medical record. In addition to their consulting hours at the polyclinic, local physicians go out on calls to examine those patients who are seriously ill and whose condition is poor. These patients have to remain at home and stay in bed. They usually receive sick leave from work for the period of their illness. Doctors at the polyclinic are always assisted by nurses. Nurses help doctors during their consulting hours. They take patients’ temperature, fill in referral forms for lab tests or for other tests and make appointments for the patient’s next visit. Nurses also take patients’ blood for tests and make various tests at the laboratory. They give patients injections ordered by the doctor and they help surgeons dress wounds. Nurses also carry out various medical procedures prescribed by the doctor at the polyclinic or at the patient’s home.
Words to be remembered: fall ill – заболеть, be ill with – болеть чем-то, illness = disease - болезнь; call – вызывать, называть, вызов; condition – состояние; treat – лечить, treatment - лечение; examine - осматривать, examination – осмотр; physician – врач-терапевт; local – местный, районный; district of the residential community – участок (по месту проживания); besides – кроме, наряду с; field – поле, область; surgeon – хирург; during – во время, в течение: bring (brought) – приводить, приносить; take (pulse, blood pressure) – измерять (пульс, давление крови); throat – горло; according to – в соответствии с, согласно; complaint – жалоба, complain of – жаловаться на; make a diagnosis – ставить диагноз; refer to – направлять к, referral (form) – направление (бланк); X-ray – рентген, делать рентген; urine (test) – (анализ) мочи; do tests – делать анализы, have a test done – делать анализ (когда его делает не сам говорящий, а кто-то другой – медсестра лаборатории - для него)[1]; investigation -исследования, investigate – исследовать; administer – назначать применять), prescribe - прописывать; proper – надлежащий, правильный; medical record – медкарта, record - запись, регистрация, записывать; fill in - заполнять; in addition to - в дополнение к, add – добавлять; consulting hours – часы приема; poor = bad – тяжелое (о состоянии или симптоме); receive = get –получать; sick-leave - больничный лист, отпуск по болезни, sick - больной, leave - отпуск, разрешение на отпуск; make an appointment - записывать на следующее посещение (назначить встречу); give injections – делать инъекции; order – заказывать, приказывать, order an injection – назначать (инъекции, анализы и др, что будет выполняться для пациента третьим лицом); dress wounds – перевязывать раны; carry out = perform a procedure – выполнять процедуру. 1. Fill in with the corresponding words to make a pair: a science - a specialist
2. How will you call these specialists in an other way? Eye doctor – Ear, nose and throat doctor - Therapeutist –
3. a) Fill in with the corresponding words to make a pair: a noun – a verb:
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b) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of a word from the list above: 1. Patients come to see the doctor to … of some trouble. 2. Doctors administer the patient different …. 3. A GP[2] can … a patient to a specialist. 4. A GP can … drugs for injections. 5. Medical scientists … the problem because it is important. 6. The blood … taken was 140 over 90. 7. Phonendoscope is an instrument that helps to … a patient’s lungs or heart. 8. When … the patient’s liver the doctor did ultrasound scan. 9. The nurse filled in a … form for a blood test. 10. When a person is ill, but the … is not clear he or she will be … to several ….
4. Combine the verbs from column A with the proper nouns from column B and translate the phrases they produce: A B a) take injections give tests make pulse do diagnosis temperature electrocardiogram an appointment
b) refer the test findings fill in to a specialist administer medical procedures call referral forms record a doctor order a treatment
c) look into his throat listen some noise hear this patient see to her heart the blood test’s finding to the doctor’s advice at the table with the test’s findings
5. a. Find a definition for the words:
b. Fill in the gaps with the proper word from above: 1. The doctor … …. a patient’s medical record where he records the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. 2. When a person has high temperature, he …... a doctor. 3. They … …. laboratory tests and instrumental investigations. 4. The doctor is asking the patient to… … her and open his mouth. She wants to examine his throat. 5. The doctor… … the patient’s lungs and heart.
6. Put the words in the correct order to make up questions; then answer them: 1. investigations / administer / instrumental / the doctor / does / What? 2. laboratory / you / do /know / analysis /What? 3. does / medical / kind / What / of / have / document / the patient / the polyclinic / at? 4. the doctor / assists / Who? 5. a nurse / What / does / do? 6. local / the / examine / How / does / patients / the / physician /the/ in / polyclinic? 7. are / What / specialists / polyclinic / there / in / other / the? 8. What / physician / down / does / the / write / medical record /the / into? 9. Where / local / can/ refer / a/ physician / patients? 10. Why / a / a / come / does / doctor / to see / patient? 11. look / doctors/ When / do / throat / patient’s / the /into?
7. Disagree with the following sentences (making them negative) and prove your idea. Model: He takes every patient’s pulse. No, he doesn’t. He takes their blood pressure.
1. The consulting hours of a doctor last 6 hours a day. 2. The patient has high temperature. 3. The ear, nose and throat doctor goes out to calls. 4. Dr. Belova is a cardiologist at the local polyclinic. 5. A sick-leave is a medical record. 6. Nurses take patients’ pulse and blood pressure. 7. The patient complains of a severe headache. 8. In this case doctors administer warm applications to the chest. 9. The nurses give patients injections with non-disposable syringes. 10. The GP always refers patients to specialists. 11. Local physicians usually begin their examination with the words: ”Happy to see you!”.
8. Say that somebody else does these things (change the person to S/he …) Model: I do blood tests. – No, I don’t. A nurse does them. 1. I make appointments for the evening. 2. I listen to the lungs and heart examining a patient. 3. I often make a proper diagnosis. 4. I usually administer treatment with herbs. 5. I go out for calls after my consulting hours. 6. I fill in the patient’s medical record each time he visits me. 7. I administer a course of antibiotics. 8. I work at the local polyclinic. 9. I have high blood pressure: 180 / 120. 10. I help the surgeon to dress wounds.
9. Fill in the gaps with the English equivalents of the words in brackets: 1. E v ery patient (обращается) to a certain physician treating all the people in his district. 2. During the medical examination the local physician asks the patient what (привело) him to the doctor`s. 3. Before making a diagnosis the physician (может направить) the patient to have a blood or urine test done. 4. Local physicians (ходят по вызовам) to examine those patients whose condition is poor. 5. Seriously ill patients (должны) to remain at home, to stay in bed. 6. Doctors at the polyclinic (помогают) by nurses. 7. Nurses (делают пациентам уколы) administered by the doctor. 8. Each doctor (заполняет) the record every time the patient visits him. 9. Everything about the patient (записывается) in the patient`s medical record. 10.A nurse on duty (выполняет) various medical procedures ordered by the doctor. 10. Fill in the gaps with the correct verb tense form (active or passive). 1. The patient (breathe) heavily and became pale. 2. Every patient has a medical record which (fill in) by his physician. 3. The diagnosis of the disease, the administrations made by the doctor, the course of the disease (write down) in the patient’s record. 4. Last week he (complain of) a general weakness and a bad headache. 5. A nurse always (carry out) any of the doctor`s administrations. 6. Patient Smirnov looked ill and (to be) pale. 7. Such a sick person always (receive) a sick-leave. 8. He was seriously ill. He (to be) not able even to call a doctor in. 9. There was a deep wound on the lateral surface and it (to dress) by the nurse on duty. 10. The increase of the chest pain was associated with physical exertion and the patient (have to) stay in bed
11. You are going to read a text about physical examination. Try to answer these questions, then find answers in the text below: 1. What methods of physical examination do you know? 2. What senses and body organs of his/her own does a doctor use during the procedure? 3. What is “to palpate”? 4. What does the doctor check by palpation? 5. What is “auscultation”? 6. Does the doctor use any instruments examining patients? 7. What do you think “percussion” is?
Read the following extracts:
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