Marxism

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Lecture # 12

PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT

Of XIX – early XX centuries

Content of the lecture:

1. Introduction

2. Marxism

3. Positivism

4. The theory of elites

5. Conclusion

Introduction

The second half of the XIX century was characterized by a critical of the provisions of the German classical philosophy. There were attempts to avoid excessive (шектең тыс/чрезмерный) abstraction to the practical using of philosophical ideas. During this period, such philosophies as Marxism, positivism and the theory of elites were dominating.

Marxism

Characteristic features of Marxism:

· Rejection of overly abstract reasoning;

· Refusal to idealize classical German philosophy;

· Commitment to the practical implementation of the philosophical ideas;

· Development of dialectical materialism. The basic original of the world is the matter. Matter has a multi-level structure. All the elements of the structure are in constant interaction and development on the basis of the laws of nature;

· Interest in social and political issues;

· Development of formation approach to the historical development of society and the typology of (the slave system, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, communism);

· Development of the theory of scientific communism as an ideal society of the future.

Representatives: Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895).