Grammar exercises
Exercise 1. Translate the following noun chains.
Exercise 2. Translate the following noun chain pairs.
application server – server application call program – program call call library – library call array cell – cell array character identification – identification character data group – group data library program – program library bank credit – credit bank construction firm – firm construction consumption fund – fund consumption law firm – firm law business world – world business world market – market world quality standard – standard quality equipment safety – safety equipment sales discount – discount sales
Exercise 3. Translate the following phrases making up noun chains with the words suggested.
Exercise 4. Make questions from the following statements, asking about the words in italics.
1. Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large scale structures. 2. Metalworking includes a correspondingly wide range of skills, processes, and tools. 3. Metalworking is a science, art, hobby, industry and trade. 4. Modern metalworking processes can be categorized as forming, cutting, or joining processes. 5. The forming processes modify metal or workpiece without removing any material. 6. Sheet metal forming involves the application of mechanical force at room temperature. 7. Cutting is a collection of processes wherein material is brought to a specified geometry by removing excess material using various kinds of tooling to leave a finished part that meets specifications. 8. If this were a discussion of woodworking, the waste would be sawdust and excess wood. 9. There are many technologies available to cut metal. Exercise 5. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participle use.
1. The Ukraine Hotel is a winner of competitions conducted by the Moscow city government. 2. An airplane designed by Paul McCready crossed the English Channel in 1979, followed by a solar-powered airplane. 3. The electronic car will lead to other forms of technology being used for transportation. 4. Friendship is like money, easier made that kept. 5. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 6. The discovery made is of great value. 7. We heard the dam blown up. 8. He had his flat redecorated. 9. If changed, the article will be published. 10. All of them watched the sunken ship being raised. 11. I heard the news being announced. 12. Money saved is money gained. 13. A trouble shared is a trouble halved. 14. Looked at from a different angle, the problem did not seem very difficult. 15. He saw her coming up. 16. While looking through the documents he found several errors. 17. The data being calculated by them are very important. 18. Having tested the new device we started our experiment. 19. When heated to a high t° any body becomes a source of light. 20. Friendship restored, we walked along together.
Exercise 6. Translate the sentences paying attention to the gerund use.
1. Engineers do their best to save fuel by making generators efficient and they also keep searching for possible sources of energy to increase existing stocks. 2. By pumping ionized gas at high speed through magnetic field we can generate current in the gas. 3. The gas must be heated to over 2000° C and this raises a problem of devising materials capable of withstanding such intense heat. 4. The most convenient material for achieving fusion is deuterium. 5. Scientists and technologists are hard at work trying to find ways of using deuterium in the laboratory. 6. No one developed a practical way of converting wind into power until the invention of the windmill. 7. Solar batteries have proved to be very useful in supplying current for rural telephone systems. 8. When fitted into satellite, solar batteries provide the power for sending radio signals back to the earth. 9. Concrete is made by mixing together small stones, sand, cement and water in rotating drums. 10. The less water is used in mixing the concrete, the denser and stronger it is. Exercise 7. Give the five types of questions for each of the following sentences. 1. Metalworking is a science, art, hobby, industry and trade. Its historical roots span cultures, civilizations, and millennia. 2. Grinding uses an abrasive process to remove material from the workpiece. 3. As an engineer, I would have greater opportunities of serving my motherland than in any other capacity.
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