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Let's talk about friendship and relationship with friends

As we know, it's not an easy thing to find a real friend. In my view, a real friend is a person whom you trust and respect, who is "a friend in need" and who never lets you down.

There are no written rules of how to make friends. Usually friendship between people grows when they have common views and judgements on things and events, common interests and ambitions. A real friend should treat me with understanding, sympathy and compassion, exactly the way they want to be treated by me. In my view, friendship is a unique thing that happens between two people. And it's a great gift. A lot of people say they have got best friends, but I wonder how many people actually have a best friend in the real sense of the word.

As for me, I'm a happy person as I have a true and reliable friend. Her name is Leila. She is a lively girl, good at sports, especially at volleyball and swimming. She has different interests, one of them is the cinema. There is no film she hasn't seen. She knows everything about famous actors and directors, about the plot of a film and when and where it was made. Leila has a good character, sometimes I even think that it's impossible to be such a pleasant person with everybody but then I realize this is some sort of tactics. Leila follows the rule: treat other people as you want them to treat you. I try to borrow this quality from her. Leila is a very responsible person. If she promises anything, no doubt she will do it. Leila knows how to organize her time, in my opinion, she has time for everything. She would plan her activities for a week, that's why she has time to go to the swimming pool, cinema and so on.

According to a survey, young people today have large groups of friends. Having a close group of people to depend on seems more attractive and more secure than one exclusive relationship with one other person. I can't agree with people who think like that.

I can discuss anything with my best friend. When I walk into a room, she knows exactly what mood I'm in, what I need. If I ask for help or advice, she will give me her helping hand immediately and never leave me at a loss.

To my mind, this is what real friendship means. I wouldn't change our friendship, our exclusive relationship for having two or three new friends. So, be slow at choosing a friend, but slower in changing him".

 

Let's talk about family

I believe that everything has its beginning in the family. Family is very important for every person, because it gives you a sense of stability and tradition, a feeling of having support and understanding. There is a wise saying "Blood is thicker than water". From my point of view it means that your parents and other relatives will stick by you in times of need more than other people will.

I do think the family is very important as a unit in our society. Nothing else but family can be an emotional centre of people's lives and a transmitter of culture. Understanding between all members of the family and consideration for others are very important in family relationships. Tenderness, warm-heartedness and respect must always be present in the family to make it friendly. In my opinion, when a child is brought up in a friendly family, he or she will become a reliable and responsible person with a strong character and mind.

My family consists of my father, my mother, my sister and me. I'd better start my story with my dad. His name is Vladimir. He is in his late thirties. He's tall with dark hair and hazel eyes and is of a strong built. He works as an electrician. My father is a very intelligent man and he is fond of reading and watching scientific programs. In some situations he is very serious but in general he is a person with a good sense of humour. I think I take after my dad both in appearance and in character.

My mother's name is Galina. She is a programmer. She is very interested in her work. It has always impressed me how she can find enough time for both family and work. I can't say that my mother's life is easy as she has to keep the house and work but she manages to do everything in time. She is a strong and charming person and she does a good job of being a mother. In fact, she means a lot to me. She understands me in the way no other person would and she always finds proper words to comfort me.

My sister Kate is seven years old. She takes after our mother in her appearance. She is a nice girl with green eyes and long fair hair. She is a first-former. She likes music and dancing. She learns to play the piano. She likes playing with toys and watching cartoons in her free time. I love my sister but sometimes we quarrel about petty things. I think I must be more patient and tolerant with her.

We don't live with our extended family but we have many relations: two grandmothers and grandfathers, aunts, uncles and cousins. All of them live in Belarus and we get together from time to time, mainly on our birthdays or other holidays. It's also our family tradition to spend summer holidays together, which I enjoy very much.

As I've already said the bonds of the family are always stronger than those between unrelated people. And I am happy to say that my home is my castle. I can say that my parents trust me, give me freedom, rely on me and respect me. These things, in my opinion, make family relations warm and pleasant.

Let's talk about family traditions

It goes without saying that the family is very important as a unit in our society. Nothing else but family can be an emotional centre of people's lives and a transmitter of culture. Understanding between all members of the family and consideration for others are very important in family relationships. Tenderness, warm-heartedness and respect must always be present in the family to make it friendly. I do think family traditions help its members respect and support one another.

A lot of activities can help members of a family to be on friendly ' terms: discussing all the family plans, going on trips together, visiting museums, theatres, exhibitions and exchanging opinions about them, sharing joys and sorrows.

If to speak about my family, I can say I enjoy our honest and open relationship. I like it when parents trust their children, give them freedom, rely on them and respect them. In my opinion these things make family relations warm and pleasant.

Unfortunately, we can't spend much time together during a week. My parents have to work a lot to earn money for our family. But in the evening they try to spend as much time as possible with my sister and me. Everybody in our family likes having tea when we can speak about our working day, share impressions and good news, discuss our challenges and make plans for the coming day. It's one of our family traditions. To my mind, it helps us learn more about one another and makes our family united.

Every member of our family looks forward to the weekend. We enjoy going to the cinema and cafes together. In winter we often ski and skate. In other seasons we enjoy riding bikes, going to theme parks or visiting famous sights of our country. It's also our family tradition to spend summer holidays together either at the seaside or in the country, which I enjoy very much.

We have other family traditions. Our family see the New Year at home. We cook a lot of delicious food for the night meal which usually starts at 10 p.m. A goose or chicken stuffed with apples is our traditional New Year dish. We sing songs, play games and give presents to one another.

We have a family tradition to celebrate birthdays of each member of J the family. On these days we usually have parties. Friends and relatives come with presents and flowers. Our last family birthday was mother's birthday. We wanted to make it a special day since it was her 38th birthday. We had selected a nice present for her and my father and I had done all the cooking. The table was nicely laid up. The party was fantastic. All the guests seemed to enjoy themselves a lot.

As you can see, consideration for others is very important in our family relationships. We have our family traditions which make our life more exciting and interesting, help to understand one another better, to express our emotions and feelings. Our parents feel great affection for us and try to bring us up in a proper way. They devote their free time to us and this makes our home the happiest place for me.

Let's talk about family relationship

It's common knowledge that the family is a very important unit in our society. Nothing else but family can be an emotional centre of people's lives and a transmitter of culture. Understanding between all members of the family and consideration for others are very important in family relationships. Tenderness, warm-heartedness and respect must always be present in the family to make it friendly.

The family is a crucial instrument for the development of a child's personality. That's why it's vitally important for every child to live in a friendly and happy family.

In united families parents are honest with their children without moralizing and bossing them around, and children in their turn learn how to get on with other people. Members of such families treat one another with understanding and compassion. They always share domestic chores. Children living in such families feel safe at home. They trust parents, share their secrets and problems with them, ask parents for useful advice and rely on them. They don't run away from home as they feel happy living there. At the same time there are different problems which can badly influence family relationship. One of them is generation gap. These days many adults describe their children as "difficult", "rude", "wild" and "irresponsible". Modem teenagers arc said to be a generation in a fearful hurry to grow up. Adolescents are overconscious of their appearance and the impression they make on others. They may rebel violently against parental authority, but this causes them great unhappiness as well. And they are not always helped to get through a confusion of life in a productive way. Even teenagers with sympathetic and supportive parents can fall in with a bad company. Being raised by single-parent families as well as watching TV, which takes most of their free time, can also accelerate the desire of children for being independent and causes behaviour problems.

At the same time a lot of parents think that their main duty is to earn money for their family. They are lenient with their children and let them find out about life for themselves. They leave their children to develop their own idea of right and wrong. But it's a mistake. In my view, parents should try to protect their children from possible bad influences and give them clear guidance about right and wrong.

I do think both parents and children are responsible for good and friendly relationship in the family. Every member of the family must support and respect one another. There are a number of activities which help members of the family to be on friendly terms: discussing all the family plans together, going on trips, visiting museums, theatres, exhibitions and exchanging opinions about them.

If to speak about my family, I do appreciate it that my parents trust and respect me, rely on me. In my turn, I try to help them with household chores. I share my joys and sorrows with them. I'm happy to say that my home is the place where everybody understands, respects and loves me. To my mind, this is the way things should be in any family.

 

 

Let’s talk about shopping

Going shopping is a part of our everyday life. For some people it's a pleasant pastime while for others it's an everyday routine. At the same time whether people like shopping or not they have to do this because it's a necessity.

Nowadays in big cities and in many small towns there are all kinds of shops and stores.

Supermarkets are primary food stores which sell all kinds of food: fresh, frozen and canned; meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, dairy products and bread. Practically everything can be found in a supermarket. There the customer serves himself and pays at the cash-desk on leaving the shop. Currently people prefer to do a lot of heavy shopping to take home with them in the car. Nowadays supermarkets are bright, clean and spacious, they provide a wide range of goods and services. There are big TV-screens and music. Modern supermarkets accept credit cards which makes exchange more convenient.

A lot of shopping is still done at small corner shops. They can often sell more specialized goods which a supermarket doesn't stock. For example, one prefers freshly baked bread and cakes from the baker's. Some people would go to the florist's for bunches of flowers rather than buy pre-selected flowers in the supermarket.

If people want to purchase clothes, they usually go to a department store. These shops carry ready-made women's, men's and children's clothes, glassware, perfumery, jewellery, millinery, footwear, sportswear goods, stationery, china, household electric appliances and furniture. A lot of things for sale are in the shop windows so the customers may choose what they want. The two most famous department stores in London are Selfridges and Harrods. There are also such department stores as the John Lewis Stores, Marks and Spencer. In London a lot of the best department stores are in Oxford Street which is famous for its shopping.

In Minsk there are some department stores but I prefer the 'Belarus department store'. This is a huge 3-stored building where it's possible to find all necessary things. In this shop they have a cafeteria where you can have a snack. There are currency exchange banks, a chemist's booth. High quality goods both domestic and of foreign manufactures are represented in the shop. The shop-assistants are attentive to the customers and they are always helpful when you need some advice.

Nowadays many people prefer doing shopping at the market where the prices are more reasonable. At the same time there are people who can afford to do the shopping in boutiques where expensive clothes by well-known designers are sold.

Frankly speaking, I'm not keen on shopping at all and when my parents ask me to buy something I'm often reluctant to do it. Most of all I like book and music shops. I can stay there for hours leafing through piles of CDs or records. But I do think shopping can be a pleasant pastime when you can afford to buy the things you like

 

Let's talk about leisure time

It goes without saying that every person needs entertainment and enjoyment, free time and rest after hard work. All our activities can be divided into physical, intellectual and mental activities. Scientists prove that we can benefit from combining activities of different kinds as much as from having a rest.

1019 personal interests and ways to spend one's free time are counted nowadays. The most popular hobbies are collecting view cards, coins, stamps, badges and books. Hobbies differ like tastes. They are divided into 4 large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things and learning things. Doing things, for example, include a wide variety of activities from gardening to travelling. Making things includes painting, drawing, designing costumes, handicraft, composing music.

I studied hard at school to achieve high results and get profound knowledge. I think that would have been impossible without activities I do in my free time. If you ask me how I usually spend my leisure time, I can say that I play volleyball, play the guitar, read for pleasure, listen to music or spend time with my best friend. I think I'm a sporty girl. It goes without saying that sport is very important for every person. Playing volleyball helps me to keep my body in a good shape, makes me more organized and self-disciplined. Volleyball classes help to create a healthy body for a healthy mind and give possibilities to communicate with my teammates.

I'm keen on reading. My parents taught me to read at a very early age. Books stir my imagination, expand the boundaries of the world I live in. They teach me to live, help to form moral values, entertain and give pleasure. I like adventure stories in which brave and clever people are shown, I'm interested in reading detective stories which show crime, criminals and clever detectives. I like psychological dramas which show how people behave in different situations.

I'm fond of listening to music. My favourite bands as 'Three Days Grace' and 'Nightwish'. Music helps me to remove from tiredness and find new strength. This year I have started taking guitar classes. Every Tuesday and Thursday I go to my teacher who helps me to learn the magic of the music world. I find these lessons interesting and exciting. They get me energy and optimism. Although my fingers keep aching, I feel proud when I learn new things. I hope I will be able to play the guitar well in some time.

In my free time I try to read English books in the original. It increases my vocabulary. I'm fond of watching American films. It helps me to learn pronunciation and social English better.

I like to spend some of my free time with my best friend. We watch movies, listen to music or go for a walk together.

To sum up I would like to say that without leisure activities life becomes dull and boring, and people become frustrated.

 

Let's talk about modern means of communication

Modern technology is rapidly spreading all over the Earth. Every office is equipped with a personal computer, an answer-phone, a fax machine and a photocopier. Every teenager is able to use a video recorder, a camera or an MP3 player.

Ask a teenager or an adult if they can do without TV or the internet and most of them will honestly be surprised at the question. Radio and television play an important role in our life, they give the full coverage of the latest events, comment on political and domestic affairs, contribute to the development of the information network.

Personal computers are being used in almost every field today. For instance, they can pay wages, reserve seats on planes, control satellites in space, work out tomorrow's weather, play chess and compose music. Supposing we had neither television nor the internet in our modern world, we wouldn't be able to obtain the necessary information as quickly as possible, we would lose an important source of education and communication.

The most popular means of communication nowadays is the mobile phone. In Albania it is not unusual to see an older person riding a donkey while talking on a mobile phone. In India you can see a beggar making or taking a call on a cell phone. Advanced models of mobile phones enable users to access the internet, send and receive e-mail and text messages, watch TV, listen to music, take photos, navigate by the Global Positioning System and phone.

At the same time addiction, distraction, interruption are perhaps the most recognized problems associated with popular communications and media technology. Let's consider the example of two newlyweds in a European country. According to a news report, they 'were on the phone constantly - in their cars, at the gym, even calling each other from different rooms inside their own house'. For many people the thought of being out of contact for even an hour is unbearable.

If to speak about disadvantages of television, there are people who wouldn't miss their favourite chat shows or football matches for anything in the world. Such people must remember that one can get addicted to TV, as it is a habit-forming drug impossible to resist. There are people who stop participating in any sports activities. Others stop going out to communicate with their friends and relatives. Doctors keep reminding us that constant viewing inevitably degrades the eyesight. Sitting slows down the blood circulation and turns you into a couch potato.

George Bernard Shaw used to say that maximum of opportunities is always combined with maximum of temptation. This saying can be fully applied to modern means of communication and technical progress.

Let’s talk about the education

In today's society knowledge has acquired top priority. The way of thinking of every person strongly depends on their knowledge. Knowledge helps to acquire a critical understanding of social, economic and political orders and reasonable set of attitudes, values and beliefs. Not to speak about the fact that it develops a sense of self-respect, the capacity to live as independent, self-motivated adults and the ability to function as contributing members of the society. In fact, it's like a candle which gives light in the darkness, as it guides us to do better in life.Education is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training and research. When a person is young, they need teachers to help them become a literate and educated person.

Our country has a well-regarded education system. Pre-school education is not compulsory in Belarus but around 70% of children attend nursery or kindergarten before they start school. According to our Constitution every person has a right to a school place for a child from the age of 6 or 7. These places are provided free of charge. Primary and basic secondary school education is compulsory. All students must follow the basic education curriculum up to the age of 15, and the vast majority of them stay at school until they finish secondary school at 17. Children study at school for 9 years then they may either continue their education at school or go to colleges and vocational schools. There is a wide choice of schools, colleges, vocational schools, universities and academics to suit all tastes, income and inclinations. There is also postgraduate education which gives students opportunity to do research and get an MA, MSc and PhD

In my view, the main principles of the educational system in our country arc the priority of human values, national culture as the basis for education, humanism, scientific basis and support of gifted children. Any person can get the high-quality education according to their abilities and inclinations.

It's common knowledge that the success of school education depends mainly on the teachers, their professional skills, the kind of relationship they can establish with pupils. The task of school is not only to pass some information. Children's characters and perception of the world are formed here.

Face-to-face learning is most common in secondary schools, colleges and universities. When learning with a group, discussing and debating become possible, which usually create a perfect environment to develop critical thinking skills. Such learning also cultivates students' good sense of cooperation. Like I said, face-to-face learning has a lot of advantages, but distance learning and doing online courses are becoming more and more popular with high school students nowadays.

A modern person has to know where and how to get information and knowledge in order to have a good job and be a success. People have to get education during all their lives.

Let’s talk about studying at school

It goes without saying that it's better for a person to start education when he or she is a child. According to our Constitution everybody has a right to a school place from the age of 6 or 7. These places are free. In our country we have compulsory primary and secondary school education. Children study at school for 9 years then they may either continue their education at school or go to colleges and vocational schools. There is a wide choice of schools, colleges and universities to suit all tastes, income and inclinations.

So pupils spend at school the most important years in their lives. Their character and perception of the world are formed there. In this period they grow up, get stronger, find friends, develop their talents and skills and begin to understand life. Therefore school remains in our hearts during all our life.

It's common knowledge that the success of school education depends mainly on the teachers, their professional skills, the kind of relationship they can establish with pupils. I am proud to say that my teachers are highly educated people. And what is no less important our teachers have always been ready to help us arrange any celebration, competition, meeting with interesting people of our town.

I especially like our history teacher who involved us into interesting discussions at the lessons. She told us a lot about famous people and the life of people in different times. She taught us to think critically about information we get and helped us to understand our society and its history.

Our English teacher is a very creative person. It was very interesting and useful to take part in different language games. She told us a lot of interesting facts about English-speaking countries, their culture and traditions.

In my opinion the conditions pupils study in influence a lot the quality of education they get. In our school there is everything necessary for both study and leisure. The 3-storeyed school building itself is of a typical design. But its corridors and classrooms are very beautiful. We have a modern library where we can read books, enjoy pictures and virtual galleries, surf the internet.

Our classrooms are very comfortable. They are light and clean, they all have original decorations. All rooms are well equipped. For instance, there are 2 computer classrooms, most of classrooms have PCs.There are also two spacious gyms and a training hall. The only thing I don't like about my school is that some pupils don't keep our corridors and classrooms clean. I feel ashamed when I see such things.

I'd like to say once again that school means a lot to me. First and foremost it provides a high level of education. I spent a lot of time at school as I attended optional lessons in Maths, English, Belarusian, Russian and physics. I was fond of taking part in extra-class activities. I can proudly say my heart is full of gratitude to the teachers for the knowledge they gave me and many of my friends for making my school life enjoyable.

Let’s talk about school traditions

Pupils spend at school the most important years in their lives. Their character and perception of the world are formed there. In this period they grow up, get stronger, find friends, develop their talents and skills and begin to understand life. Therefore school remains in our hearts all our life.

I have studied at gymnasium №1. Last year we celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of our school. From my point of view, it's one of the best schools in our town.

At our school there is everything necessary for our study and leisure. The 3-storeyed school building itself is of a typical design. But its corridors and classrooms are very beautiful. There are a lot of indoor plants and flowers in it. Its corridors are decorated with ceramics made by our pupils and teachers. There are cosy benches where one can sit and talk to friends.

We have a modern library where we can read books, enjoy pictures and virtual galleries, surf the internet. There is a tradition to organize exhibitions and meetings there. I have been able to see pictures of famous artists from our town, listen to poets, writers, artists and journalists in our library. To my mind it's a good tradition when both pupils and teachers come to the library to meet a famous person, have a look at the beauty of fine arts or just discuss an interesting book which is being read for our 'Big Reading' project.

The school hall is decorated with photos of our teachers and people who studied in our gymnasium. It shows another tradition we have. Twice a year our pupils and teachers arrange Project Days which give everybody a unique possibility to learn some skills. The participants do some research and prepare all necessary things beforehand and on the Project Day they make exhibitions, decorate the walls with pictures and handmade things, decorate old furniture, learn dances and songs and do a lot more. In my opinion, this tradition helps us to be united and learn new things which are important to us.

I have always been fond of taking part in extra-class activities such as concerts, debate clubs, intellectual games, sports competitions, picnics and excursions. These activities are popular with pupils, teachers and parents as they help to create a kind of team spirit.

Our school keeps up kind relations with secondary schools in Germany, France and Sweden. So we took part in different school projects and told foreign pupils about our culture and school traditions as well.

I'd like to say once again that school means a lot to me in many ways. My teachers are highly educated people. And what is no less important, their attitude to the pupils is always friendly and tolerant. My heart is full of gratitude to the teachers for the knowledge they give me and many of my friends for making my school life enjoyable.

Let's talk about Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four formerly independent countries. They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The population of Great Britain is about 60 mln people. The country is surrounded by seas. The British Isles consist of more than 5000 small islands.

When I think about the UK I immediately think of the "foggy Albion" and the Cliffs of Dover as it's what you see first coming to the UK by ferry. Of course, I think of its capital London. It's a kind of dream of everybody interested in English history and culture. This city can't be confused with any other city in the world. London taxi-cabs, red publish telephones, policemen and the building of Parliament with its famous bell called Big Ben are considered as its visiting cards.

Thinking about the history of the country I saw York, one of the oldest cities in Britain. This city witnessed the Roman invasion in 43 AD, the landing of Viking hordes in 866 and the ravages of the Wars of the Roses. Now it has become the richest city of the country and the northern capital of England. Young's Hotel stands on the actual sight of Guy Fawkes birthplace.

British literature for me is William Shakespeare. Among his-most famous works are such comedies as The Comedy of Errors and A Midsummer Night's Dream and tragedies Romeo and Juliette, Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth. I'd like to visit Stratford-upon-Avon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare.

Scotland “is the birthplace of valour, the country of worth". Fine arts, forts, castlesas well as a heartlywelcome in an accent that trips the tongue- this is a taste of this glorious country. Edinburgh, is famous for its military tattoo takes place every August and September and the famous Edinburgh festival wherehe best performances from all over the world can be seen.

Wales is the land of mountains, green fields, forests and farms. Its inhabitants take a greatinterest in folk music and singing, its literature is one of the mostancient in Europe. Snowdon, the second highest mountain in Great Britain, is situated there. In summer it looks very peaceful and beautifuland a little train runs to it.

British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in Britain we have only weather" which means that the weather is very changeable there.

As well as I know the UK is a parliamentary monarchy. Elizabeth II is its famous queen. She goes in her golden carriage wearing her royal clothes at such traditional ceremonies as Trooping the Colour and the State Opening of Parliament. The British are proud of their monarch and carefully keep up their traditions.

 

Let's talk about healthy way of life

I believe that health is better than wealth, basically because you can get by living on a small amount of money, but you cannot live without good health, and without good health nothing else is worth having. People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. In order to be healthy we should avoid bad habits. In my opinion, smoking and drinking alcohol, are the worst ones. It's common knowledge that smoking and drinking alcohol can shorten our lives dramatically. Smoking, for example, causes lung diseases, such as pneumonia, emphysema and cancer, heart attacks and high blood pressure. Besides, it makes teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. In many countries smoking has been banned in most public places because everyone agrees it does harm to our health. Alcohol causes heart disease and brain damage. A drinker becomes nervous and aggressive, loses friends, and finally loses his work, family and happy life. Teenage drinking is particularly dangerous, because what happens to a grown-up in 10 years will happen to a teenager in two years.

Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits, such as skipping meals, eating unhealthy food, or even overeating. If we eat too much, we start to put on weight, and obesity leads to serious health problems. So food can be something that can make our bodies ugly and bring about diseases.

Experts say people should remember a wise proverb 'An apple a day keeps the doctor away'. This means that we should eat more fresh vegetables and fruit, foods which are high in fiber and vitamins А, В, С and E. Such vegetables as Brussels sprouts, cabbage and cauliflower contain agents that block cancer. Beet greens, bell peppers, carrots and tomatoes as well as cherries, apricots and watermelon are rich in beta-carotene. We should have regular eating habits and try to have meals every day in the same time.

Regular exercise is an essential part of our life. I believe it's very important for people to have some regular exercises. It's very good for the posture, which I believe greatly affects the general health of the body, and makes you feel good. After doing some strenuous exercise followed by a shower, you can really feel that your life is renewed and you have a fresh vigor with which to face the day. A person who takes regular exercise will stay physically fit, vigorous and keep a youthful shape.

Regular sleeping habits are also important. We should remember that the most important period for our brain is from 12 p.m. to 3 a.m., as during this period our brain produces hormone melatonin, which helps us stay young and active. At night while we sleep our brain also processes and stores all the information learnt during the day. That is why staying late hours is not good for our health.

In conclusion I would like to say that it's easier to prevent a disease rather than try to cure it after you get sick. We should take a good care of our health, because health once lost is lost forever.

Let’s talk about sport

It goes without saying that doing sports is very important for every person. A certain amount of exercise is necessary to keep your body in good shape. Sport is given a lot of attention all over the world as it helps to bring up strong and healthy people. It creates a healthy body for a healthy mind. It also makes people more self-organized and better disciplined.

There are many different kinds to choose from. If you like team games, you can play football, volleyball, ice hockey, field hockey or basketball. Games to play with a friend include badminton, squash and tennis. There are individual sports such as swimming, riding, horse-riding or athletics. There are summer sports such as athletics and water sports and winter sports such as cross-country skiing, snowboarding or skating. There are sports which don't depend on the weather, since they are played indoors. Extreme sports have also become one of the fast growing leisure activities nowadays. Among them there are parachuting, hang gliding, windsurfing, cave diving etc.

An important attraction of sport is also its competitive and challenging nature. The roots of men's desire to display their physical health and beauty go back to ancient times when the idea of the Olympic Games first appeared. For the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods. The original Olympics included competitions in music, oratory and theatre performances as well. After nearly 300 Olympiads they were stopped by the Roman emperor Theodosius. 1500 years had passed and the Games started again in Greece in 1896. The 2012 Summer Olympics were held in London.

At present sport in our country is paid a lot of attention to by the government and much is being done to set up all necessary facilities for its development. Many skating rinks, stadiums are built for people to go in for sports. Our country is preparing for the 2014 Ice Hockey Championship which will take place in Minsk.

Our country provides support to team sports. Our national senior and junior teams have become regular participants in the finals of top tournaments, European and world championships. The stunning performance of its athletes has secured Belarus a place among the top twenty sports nations. This is the best result the country has ever had in its sports history.

I'm sure that either as a sportsman or merely as a spectator almost every person likes sport. Some people do sports professionally, others have regular workouts to keep fit. As for me, I'm fond of volleyball. I love it because it's a team game and it requires different kinds of skills. You must do your best and at the same time you should keep your eye on what your teammates are doing and you need a quick brain too.

I do think regular exercise is an essential part of our life. I believe, it's very important for people to have some regular exercises. It's very good for the posture, which I believe greatly affects the general health of the body, and makes you feel good.

Let’s about fashion

Fashion is something we deal with every day. Even people who say they don't care what they wear choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. Psychologists say that 85% of the information people accept is visual information. Fashion is a language which tells a story about the person who wears it. We often judge people by what they are wearing. For example, people, dressed in expensive clothes are often thought to be wealthy and beautiful. People who wear old, dirty or torn clothes can't be called beautiful or reliable by others.

In our modern society fashion models, singers, musicians, dancers, actors and sportsmen are the idols of thousands of teenagers who try to copy them in the way they dress, walk and style their hair. Their lifestyles are advertised on TV and in fashion magazines. Numerous ads play on our feelings, emotions, and especially our wish to look beautiful.

Some people, especially women, believe that wearing a lot of makeup, having long nails and long eyelashes makes them pretty. I don't find people who put on a lot of make-up attractive. I don't understand it when both women and men who don't look ugly go to plastic surgeons to improve their bodies and look more attractive. Some people make tattoos or scars, have their noses, lips, eyebrows and other parts of the face and body pierced to follow the fashion.

As for me, while choosing clothes, accessories and a hairstyle it is always important to remember the rules of politeness, that there are different styles of clothes for different types of events. From my point of view, things that a person has in the wardrobe should be comfortable to wear. It's better to remain true to yourself. I usually spend little money on new clothes and my favourite items of clothes are blue jeans, grey sweaters and black boots. When it's cold I often put on my warm jacket. I feel like a fish out of water when something doesn't suit me.

My favourite fashion model is Claudia Schiffer who is a very successful German supermodel. She has appeared on the covers and fashion pages of all the major fashion magazines and is one of the faces of Cоco Chanel. She has a slim body and very long legs. Her most stunning feature is her attractive face with sparkling eyes and a straight nose. She is a successful businesswoman who has her own fitness video and spends a lot of time working with charity organizations.

Fashion is not the most important thing in my life, but it helps me to feel in tune with the world I live in. I can't say I'm a dedicated follower of fashion but I always try to keep up-to-date.

In conclusion I would like to say that "all that glitters is not gold." You should not be deceived by appearances, you should use your mind and soul to determine whether the person is trustworthy and pure in their intentions. As a wise proverb says: 'People meet by clothes and set off by mind'. I fully agree with it.

Let's talk about weather and climate

As far as I know weather is the condition of the outside air or atmosphere at a particular time and place. Step outside and you will experience many faces of weather. It can be hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or windy, clear or cloudy. Humidity, air temperature and pressure, wind speed and direction, cloud cover and type, and the amount and form of precipitation are all atmospheric characteristics of the momentary conditions we call weather.

It has been said said "climate is what you expect; weather is what you get". In other words, you can expect snow in Belarus in January, but you may or may not get it on a particular day.

The climate of an area or country is known through the average weather over a long period of time. If an area has more dry days throughout the year than wet days, it would be described as a dry climate; a place which has more cold days than hot days would make it known to have a cold climate.

Belarus has a temperate-continental climate with moderate features which is characteristic for Central Europe, with hot summers, long, cold winters and very distinct seasons. Abundant snowfall may occur throughout the country from December to sometimes early March or even April.

The annual average temperature is about 7°C. In general, there are no significant differences between the districts of Belarus, due to the small size of the country. Daytime temperatures vary from -5-0°C in winter and 25-30°C in summer months. The summer lasts about 150 days in Belarus and it is most of the time sunny and dry. Local thunderstorms are quite common in the late afternoon and evening and can be very heavy sometimes. Spring and autumn can be damp and rainy. So lightweights are worn in summer, whereas warmer clothes are needed in winter. Rainwear is recommended throughout the year.

As we live in the western part of Europe, the seasons here have their specific features, both attractive and unpleasant. Every season is beautiful in its way. We should choose the right clothes to wear in order to be healthy and feel comfortable and warm. In my view, modern designers create nice and comfortable clothes. So, we can choose the clothes we like and enjoy any kind of weather.

If to speak about Great Britain, the weather there is very changeable. British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in Britain we have only weather". Sudden changes usually occur - showers from what was only a few hours before a clear blue sky; sunshine that makes you want to leave off all your clothes followed by winds that set you wishing two overcoats. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. British people are apt to complaining of their climate as being damp and rainy, and foreigners laugh at it and say that the British summer is made up of three fine days and a thunderstorm.

 

Пробное тестирование по дисциплине

«Теория государства и права»

1. Обособившаяся внутри отрасли права совокупность юридических норм, регулирующих сходные общественные отношения:

а) предмет правового регулирования

б) институт права

в) метод правового регулирования

г) политическая декларация

 

2. Объект правоотношения" – это:

а) жизненное обстоятельство, с которым закон связывает возникновение, изменение или прекращение правоотношения

б) лицо, к которому вследствие совершения правонарушения применяются меры государственного принуждения

в) предмет правового регулирования

г) реальное (материальное или духовное) благо, на использование или охрану которого направлены субъективное право и юридическая обязанность

3. Обусловленные социальным назначением направления правового воздействия на общественные отношения – это:

а) принципы права

б) функции права

в) ценности права

г) типы права

 

4. Центральный компонент политической системы:

а) система политических партий

б) государство

в) профсоюзы

г) другие общественные организации

5. Основные формы государственного правления:

а) монархия и президентская республика

б) унитарное государство и федерация

в) монархия и республика.

г) демократическое государство и антидемократическое государство.

6. Идейные истоки теории насилия зародились в эпоху:

а) возрождения

б) XIX – начало XX в.в.

в) французской революции

г) рабовладения

7. Позитивизм как подход к пониманию государства ввел в науку:

а) О. Конт

б) М. Вебер

в) Х. Кельзен

г) М. Гравитц

8. Принятое судом решение, служащее ориентиром (эталоном) для решения аналогичных дел в дальнейшем:

а) акт толкования права

б) судебный прецедент

в) акт управления

г) аналогия права

9. Маркс и Энгельс рассматривали государство как:

а) общественный договор

б) сила, навязанная обществу извне

в) результат его внутреннего развития

г) подобие человеческого организма

10. Элемент правовой нормы, предусматривающий правило поведения путем предоставления и возложения юридической обязанности:

а) диспозиция

б) юридическая фикция

в) презумпция

г) гипотеза

11. Юридическая норма характеризуется:

а) направленность на регулирование моральных отношений

б) неперсонифицированность адресата и общеобязательная нормативность

в) основное средство осуществления - общественная санкция

г) декларативность и отсутствие систематичности

12. Поведение людей, соответствующее предписаниям правовых норм, теория государства и права называет:

а) нравственным

б) общественно полезным

в) правомерным

г) дозволенным

13. Предусмотренная нормами права способность лично, своими действиями приобретать права и обязанности, а также осуществлять права и обязанности:

а) правоспособность

б) деликтоспособность

в) недееспособность

г) дееспособность

14. Виды юридических фактов по "волевому" критерию (признаку):

а) юридические акты и юридические поступки

б) правомерные и неправомерные

в) право образующие и право прекращающие

г) события и действия