Студопедия — Key issues
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Key issues






  • Current models of bipolarity describe a spectrum of illness in which increasing predisposition to bipolarity manifests as increasing manic symptom load, from ‘pure’ unipolar depression to subthreshold bipolarity, bipolar II disorder and, ultimately, bipolar I disorder.
  • This is essentially untested in the neuroimaging literature, which examines predominantly bipolar I disorder populations, and thus supports an illness model in which bipolarity is distinguished from other disorders through findings in syndromal mania.
  • Core limbic structures such as the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus appear to be overactive in bipolar disorder (BD), likely as both a state and trait finding. However, limbic reactivity is also increased in a wide range of other conditions including major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD).
  • Increased striatal reactivity, particularly to emotional stimuli and reward, appears to be characteristic of BD, and may differentiate BD from MDD.
  • BD is also characterized by decreased activity of the inferior prefrontal gyrus, including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and part of the orbitofrontal cortex, which is most prominent in mania but may also be a trait finding. This does not clearly occur in MDD or BPD.
  • Other findings in BD include a decrease in activity of lingual gyrus, a possible decrease in activity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and a possible increase in activity of the medial prefrontal cortex.
  • Further research is needed to directly test bipolar spectrum models and clarify their relationship to other conditions associated with significant emotional instability, such as BPD.


References Начало формы Choose Top of page ABSTRACT Modeling bipolar disorder... Functional neuroimaging &... Current neural models of... Core limbic structures: a... Striatum & cortico-basal... Anterior cingulate cortex Prefrontal & other cortic... Expert commentary Five-year view References << Конец формы

 

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