Preface

Content

 

Preface ……………………………………………………… 4

 

1. Meteorological Aviation Routine Weather Report ……………6

 

1.1 Aviation Selected Special Weather Report ……………..……27

 

2. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast …………………………….…28

 

2.1 Landing forecast ……………….………………………….48

 

2.2 Forecast for take-off ……………………………………....48

 

2.3 General aviation forecast ………………………………..49

 

2.4 Airmen‘s meteorological information …..………………….53

 

2.5 Significant meteorological information …………………….58

 

Literatura ………………………………………………………64

 

APPENDIX 1…………………………………………….…….65

 

APPENDIX 2………………………………………………….68

 

APPENDIX 3………………………………………………….71

 

 

Preface

The successful flight operation depends on a range of factors among which one of the most important is the state of the atmosphere. There are a lot of weather phenomena that influence significantly aeronavigation and air traffic service. Moreover, the presence of one or another weather phenomenon plays an important role in making decision on the possibility or impossibility to provide flight safety. The state of atmosphere also influences the aircraft aerodynamic performance as well as navigation and radio equipment operation.

Airmen, airtraffic controllers, flight dispetchers should know weather conditons well and be good at using weather information properly in oder to increase the possibility of right decision making.

The efficient and timely movement of meteorological information is a fundamental requirement of modern meteorology. Observers record information about the environment and provide it to data processing centers so that forecast guidance products may be produced. Countries exchange information to enhance their forecasts and to produce global forecast models. The facility to move information quickly between centres, without regard to language, and in a format that may be processed by automated means is embodied in meteorological codes.

In the case of aviation codes the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), headquartered in Montreal, Canada, is responsible for defining and encouraging the provision of services which civil aviation requires. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is responsible for providing the technical methods and practices recommended for use in accordance with required meteorological services.

WMO Meteorological codes are defined by the World Meteorological Organization in WMO Manual No. 306. The codes are composed of a set of values defined in tables with reference to specific position within strings of information. Different code forms are used to represent different types of observations or products. In messages, these groups of letters are transcribed into symbols indicating the value of state of the elements described.

This method guide explains how the groups of letters and figures are transcribed into meteorological information. It does not cover all ICAO standards and recommendations concerning weather codes, their composition, dissemination and exchange (they can be found in International Civil Aviation Convention Annex 3 – Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation) and does not include all the meteorological codes used. The given material is intended to help students to read and understand information that is “hidden” under the coded form of weather reports and forecasts.

The method guide includes also a large number of examples and represents one of the possible variants indicating weather information at the terminal of air traffic controllers (fig.1 and fig.3). Therefore, students can not only familiarize themselves with formats and content of codes but also train in reading coded weather information.

 

 

1. Meteorological Aviation Routine Weather Report (Metar)

 

The Metar is a coded weather bulletin of the observed weather at a specific location or airdrome and has the following basic format (the interpretation of groups are given in Tabl.1):