SOME FACTS AND FIGURES OF THE WHO

An estimated 17 million people (to die) ___________ of CVDs, particularly heart attacks and strokes, every year. A substantial number of these deaths can (to attribute) ____________________________ to tobacco smoking, which (to increase) ________________ the risk of dying from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease 2–3 fold. Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet (to be) _______ other main risk factors which (to increase) ______________ individual risks to cardiovascular diseases. One of the strategies (to be) ______ to provide actionable information for development of appropriate policies. As part of such efforts, WHO in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (to produce) _________________ for the wider audience, "The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke".

The objective of WHO's prevention of blindness team (to be) ______to assist Member States to effectively prevent blindness and restore sight, when possible. The global target (to be) _____ to reduce blindness prevalence to less than 0.5 % in all countries, or less than 1 % in any country.

Between 100 and 150 million people around the globe (to suffer) ____________________ from asthma and this number (to rise)________________. World-wide, deaths from this condition (to reach) ______________________ over 180,000 annually.

Avian influenza (to be) ______ an infectious disease of birds. It (to cause) ________________ by type A strains of the influenza virus. The disease (to identify) __________________ in Italy more than 100 years ago. It (to occur) _____________ worldwide.

In 2002, it (to estimate)____________________that strokes (to result) _________________ in 5.5 million deaths worldwide, making it a leading cause of death. Projections to the year 2020 (to indicate) ___________________ that the number of people suffering from stroke each year (to increase) _________________________substantially.

At least 171 million people worldwide (to have) _______________ diabetes. Worldwide, it (to estimate) ____________________________ that more than 22 million children under five years old are obese or overweight, and more than 17 million of them (to be) _________ in developing countries. Each of these children (to be) _______ at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It 9to know) ________________________as mature-onset diabetes).

Globally, an estimated 10% of school-aged children, between five and 17 years old, (to be) __________ overweight or obese, and the situation (to get) _________________________ worse.

Twenty-five per cent of individuals(to develop) __________________ one or more mental or behavioural disorders at some stage in life, in both developed and developing countries. The following disorders can now (to diagnose) ____________________ reliably and accurately as the most common physical disorders; some can (to prevent) ________________, all can (to manage and to treat) _______________________successfully. Depressive disorders and schizophrenia (to be) _______ responsible for 60% of all suicides. An estimated 121 million people currently (to suffer) __________________ from depression. Around 24 million people worldwide (to have) ____________________ schizophrenia. The disorder (to find) __________ equally in men and women. An estimated 37 million people worldwide (to live) ________________ with dementia. About 5% of men and 6% of women over 60 years of age (to affect) __________________ by Alzheimer's. An estimated 50 million people of all ages around the world (to affect) ______________________ by epilepsy. It (to estimate)______________________ that the overall prevalence of mental retardation (to be) _____ between 1% and 3%.

Today, one in three adults or 1.2 billion people (to use) ______________ tobacco. By 2025, the number (to expect) ______________________ to rise to more than 1.6 billion. Tobacco (to estimate) _______________________ to account for 4 million annual deaths in 1998. This (to expect) __________________________to rise to 8.4 million deaths by 2020.

There (to be) _____ an estimated 70 million people who (to have) __________________ alcohol use disorders, including harmful use and dependence 78% of whom (to remain) ________ untreated. The rate of alcohol use disorder for men is 2.8% and for women 0.5 %. An estimated 5 million people worldwide (to inject) ______________ illicit drugs. There (to be) _________ a high prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users.

Epidemiological studies (to confirm) ________ that the commonest causes of maternal suffering and death during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period (to be) _______ the following:

	Unsafe abortion (to contribute) ___________________ to 13% of deaths. There (to be) a variety of severe complications. They (to include) ______________ sepsis, haemorrhage, uterine trauma and poisoning;
	Eclampsia(to cause) ____________________ 12% of deaths during pregnancy. It (to be) _______ most dangerous when severe.
	Obstructed labour(to result) ________________ in 8% of deaths. This also causes long-term complications for the mother (fistulae) and newborn (death or disability);
	25% of deaths (to cause)_________________ by postpartum haemorrhage, particularly when it (to associate) ____________________ with anaemia as a result of poor nutrition or malaria;
	Puerperal sepsis (tocontribute) __________________ to 15% of deaths – it (to aggravate)_________________ by lack of hygiene during delivery or pre-existing sexually transmitted infections including HIV;
	Other direct obstetric causes(to contribute) ________________ to 8% of deaths - these (to include) ______________________ ectopic and molar pregnancy, and embolisms.

The dangers associated with the above conditions (to exacerbate) ___________________ by malnutrition in women before and during pregnancy, and after delivery; malaria during pregnancy; and pre-existing illness such as tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases, hepatitis, asthma or HIV. These indirect causes (to associate) __________________ with 20% of maternal deaths.

Pregnant adolescent girls (to represent) ___________________ a significant subgroup of pregnant women. There (to be) _______ evidence that some complications and some conditions (to occur) _______________ more commonly in adolescents (especially the younger age groups) than in adults. These (to include) ______________ anaemia and premature labour and delivery.

The major causes of neonatal mortality (to be) ______:neonatal infections (neonatal tetanus, sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia, congenital syphilis) – 33% of deaths; birth asphyxia and trauma – (many surviving infants (to have) ______________ disabilities) – 28% of deaths; pre-term birth and/or low birth weight, (to be) __________ also major contributors to morbidity and disabilities in survivors – 24% of deaths, and congenital anomalies – 10% of deaths, and other causes – 5% of deaths.

Alcohol and tobacco consumption (to be) ______ other significant preventable causes of maternal and neonatal ill-health and mortality.

Maternal smoking (to associate) _____________________ with complications such as bleeding during pregnancy, premature and prolonged rupture of the membranes, and pre-term delivery. Also, maternal smoking (to retard) __________________ foetal growth. It (to cause) _________________ an average reduction in birth weight of 200g, and (to double) ___________________ the risk of having a low-birth-weight baby. Studies (to show) __________________ a higher rate of foetal and infant deaths when the mother smokes.

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can (to lead) _________________ to abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery, or congenital abnormalities (foetal alcohol syndrome).

About 20% of all deaths in children under 5 years (to be) ________ due to Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRIs - pneumonia, bronchiolitis and bronchitis); 90% of these deaths (to be) _______ due to pneumonia. Early recognition and prompt treatment of pneumonia (to be) _____ life saving.

Causative organisms may (to be) _______ bacterial (most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae) or viral.

Low birth weight, malnourished and non-breastfed children and those living in overcrowded conditions (to be) ________ at higher risk of getting pneumonia. These children (to be) ______ also at a higher risk of death from pneumonia.

DOCTOR – PATIENT QUESTIONNAIRE

What ___ your name (to be)? ____ you (to marry) ______________? How long ______you (to marry) _____________? ____ you (to divorce) ______________? How long ______you (to divorce) _____________? ____ you (to separate) _______________? How long ______you (to separate) _____________?____ you (to widow) ___________? How long ______you (to widow) _____________?What _____ your address (to be)? What _____ your occupation (to be) _____? What _____ you (to do) ___________? ______ you (to be) single? What _____ your education (to be)?? When and where _____ you (to bear) ________________? Where ______ you (to live) __________________________? What ______ your social security No.?

How ______your father’s (mother’s, sister’s, brother’s) state of health (to be)? ______ you (to have) ___________________ allergies, asthma, anemia, blood clotting problems, diabetes, cancer, tumor, epilepsy, glaucoma, genetic diseases, alcoholism, kidney or bladder trouble, stomach ulcer, duodenal ulcer, rheumatism or arthritis, high blood pressure, heart trouble, gout?

How _____ your spouse’s [spauz] health (to be)? How ______your children’s health (to be)? ______ you ever (to have) _____________ infections? ______you ever (to hospitalize) ____________________? When __________ your most recent hospitalization (to be)? When ______ your first (second, third, fourth) hospitalization (to be)? What illness (operation)_______ you (to hospitalize) __________________ for? _________you (to have) _____________ chest x-ray lately? When ______ you last (to give) ___________ chest x-ray? _______ you now (to take) _________________ antibiotics? _______ you (to be) _______sensitive or allergic to antibiotics? _______you (to have)_____________ any skin problems? ______ your skin (to itch or to burn) ____________________________? ______ you (to have) __________________ trouble stopping even a small cut from bleeding? ______ you (to bruise) ________________ easily? _________ you ever (to faint or to feel faint) _______________________________? _______ any part of your body (to be) ________________ always numb? ________ you ever (to have) _____________ seizures or convulsions? _______you (to have) _____________ a tendency to shake or tremble? _______ you (to be) _______________ very nervous around strangers? _________ you (to find) ___________ it hard to make decisions? _______ you (to find) ___________ it hard to concentrate or remember? _____you usually (to feel) _______________ lonely or depressed? ______you often (to cry) ________________? ______you (to have) ______________ difficulty relaxing? ______you have a tendency to worry much? ______you (to trouble, to disturb, to bother) ______________________by frightening dreams or thoughts? _______ you (to have) __________________ a tendency to be shy or sensitive? ________ you (to have) ________________ a strong dislike for criticism? ______ you often (to lose) _______________ your temper? _________little things often (to annoy) _____________ you? ______ you (to trouble, to disturb, to bother) _____________by any work or family problems? _____ you (to have) _______________ any sexual difficulties? ______ you ever (to consider) ___________________ committing suicide? _________you ever (to desire) _______________ psychiatric help? _________you (to gain) __________ or (to lose) ____________ more than 10 pounds in the last 6 months? _______you (to have) ________________________ a tendency to be too hot or too cold? ______ you (to lose) ______________ your interest in eating lately? ______ you always (to seem) ____________ to be hungry? ____________ you (to be) ______________more thirsty than usual lately? _______ there (to be) ______________ any swellings in your armpits or groin? __________you (to seem) __________ to feel exhausted or fatigued most of the time? _____ you (to have) _______________ difficulty either falling asleep or staying asleep? ______ you (to exercise) _______________ more than three times a week?. How much _____ you (to smoke) ____________ per day? ________you (to take) _____________ two or more alcoholic drinks a day? ______ you (to drink) __________ more than six cups/glasses of coffee, tea or cola soda per day? ______you (to be) a regular user of sleeping pills, marijuana, tranquilizers, and pain killers? ______ you ever (to use) ____________ heroin or cocaine? ______ you (to drive) ___________ a motor vehicle more than 25,000 miles per year? _______ you (to trouble, to disturb, to bother) __________________ by heartburn? _______ you (to feel) ___________ bloated after eating? _______ you (to trouble, to disturb, to bother) ______________ by belching? _______ you (to suffer) _____________ discomfort in your stomach? _____ you easily (to become) ___________ nauseated? ______ you ever (to vomit) _______________ blood? ______ it (to be) difficult or painful for you to swallow? ______ you (to constipate) _________________ more than twice a month? ______ your bowel movements (your stool) (to be) ______ever black or bloody? ______ you (to suffer) ___________ pains when you (to move) ___________ your bowels? _______you (to have) _____________ any bleeding from your rectum? ______ you frequently (to get) __________ up at night to urinate? ______ you (to urinate) ______________ more than five or six times a day? ______ you (to wet) ___________ your pants or (to wet) _________ your bed? ______ you ever (to have) ________________ burning or pains when you (to urinate) ___________?.________ your urine ever (to be) ________ brown, black or bloody? _______ you (to have) _______________ any difficulty starting your urine flow? _______you (to have) ___________________ a constant feeling that you (to have) ______________ to urinate? ______ you (to trouble, to disturb, to bother) ________ with stiff or painful muscles or joints? ______your joints ever (to swell) ___________________? ___________you (to trouble, to disturb, to bother) _______________ by pains in the back or shoulder? ______ your feet (to be) ___________ often painful? ________ you (to handicap) _________________ in any way? _______you (to have) _____________ headaches more than once a week? _________twisting your neck quickly (to cause) ______________ pain? ____________ you ever (to have) __________________ lumps or swelling in your neck? ________ you (to wear) ______________ glasses? ________ your eyesight ever (to blur) ______________? __________your eyesight (to get) ______________ worse? _______you ever (to see) _______________ double? _______ you ever (to see) _____________ colored halos around lights? _____ you ever (to have) ______________ pains or itching in or around your eyes?.______ your eyes (to blink or to water) _____________________ most of the time? ______ you (to have) ____________ any trouble with your eyes in (for) the last two years? ______ you (to have) ______________ difficulty hearing? _______you (to have) __________ any earaches lately?.______ you (to trouble, to disturb, to bother) ______________ by running nose? ________ you (to have) _____________ a repeated buzzing or other noises in your ears? _____you (to get) ______________ motion sickness riding in a car or plane? _____ you (to have) __________ any problems with your teeth? ______ you (to have) ___________ any sore swellings on your gums or jaws? _____your tongue (to be) _______ sore or sensitive? ________your taste senses (to change) _________________ lately? _____ your nose (to stuff up) ____________ when you (not to have) _________________ a cold? _______your nose (to run) ___________ when you (not to have) ______________ a cold? ________ you ever (to have) ___________ sneezing spells? ______you ever (to have) ____________ head colds two or more months in a row? _______ your nose ever (to bleed) ___________ for no reason at all? ______your throat (to be) ________ ever sore when you (not to have) _______________a cold? ______ you (to wheeze) or (to gasp) ______________ to breathe? _____you (to bother, to trouble, to disturb) ____________________ by coughing spells? ________ you (to cough up) _____________ much phlegm? ______you ever (to cough) ______________ up blood? ______you (to get) ______________ chest colds more than once a month? ______ you (to sweat) _________ more than usual or (to have) ___________ night sweats? ________you ever (to tell) _______________________that you (to have) ___________ high blood pressure? ______you (to trouble, to bother, to disturb) ___________________ by a thumping or racing heart? _____ you ever (to get) ________ pains or tightness in your chest? _______you (to have) ________________ trouble with dizziness or lightheadedness? ______you (to wake up) ______________ at night short of breath? ______ you (to use) _____________ more pillows to help you breathe at night? ________you (to have) ___________ trouble with swollen feet or ankles? __________you (to get) ___________ cramps in your legs at night or upon walking? _________ you ever (to tell) ________________that you have a heart murmur?