have toMeeting _____________________________________
(32) You’re not permitted to watch the film if you’re under 15. Can’t ______________________________________
(33) What are you going to do tomorrow? Doing _____________________________________
(34) Perhaps I’ll see you later. Might _____________________________________
(35) I’m sure he’s ill. Must _____________________________________
(36) You don’t need to exercise every day. have to _____________________________________
Functional language
F Choose the correct word to complete the sentences, (37) Recent crime figures show that violent crime, s uch as / in particular mugging and assault, is increasing. (38) There are lots of things you can do to prevent a cold. In particular / For example, having a hot drink for breakfast or wearing a hat.
(39) Rick: From now on I’m going to walk to work everyday. Paulo: Really? Talking of / That reminds me, petrol prices have gone up again. Rick: See, not only will I get fit, but I’ll save money as well.
(40) Although / Despite I want to give up smoking I’m going to have just one more.
Listening Part 1 [Track 11] Listen to five short recordings. Choose the correct answer for each one.
(1) The man and woman are talking about reducing waste / recycling. (2) Linda has started jogging / given up smoking. (3) Harriet is going to stay in bed / go home. (4) The woman is having acupuncture / reflexology. (5) The man in the news was a traffic warden / motorist.
Part 2 [Track 12] Listen to the talk on ’10 tips for a greener future’. Complete the sentences with up to three words. (6) The speaker says there are things all of us can do to __________ in our everyday lives. (7) Two of the biggest problems are ____________ and global warming. (8) One way to cut pollution is to ___________ to work. (9) We should recycle old envelopes instead of _______________. (10) To be greener you don’t need to ______________ or eat only organic food.
Reading Part 1 Read the article below and answer these questions. (1) Which company was founded on recycling junk? (2) Which word drives the prices up in the tour industry? (3) Why is it difficult to find a genuine green holiday? (4) What is the main advantage of shopping at The Natural Store? (5) According to the text, why should people buy eco-friendly products?
Being green has never been easier. In the past, if you wanted to buy things that were environmentally friendly it could be really difficult. You would often spend hours going from one shop to another, which, if you used your car, would make the whole exercise pointless. But, now thanks to the internet and an increased awareness that buying green doesn’t mean having to spend a fortune, it’s much easier to ‘eco-shop’. Companies like Lost and Found in London are leading the way when it comes to recycling our junk. Set up by Becky Oldfield, the company specializes in making furniture and covers. One of the key things that Lost and Found do is to source their materials locally. Becky will go round to local companies and get whatever they are throwing away and use these things in her products. Meanwhile, Electra Gillies has set up her own eco-tourism company. She used to work as a journalist for a national newspaper and realized that there was a demand for ‘green holidays’. To ensure that her holidays really are green she goes out and visits every place she advertises. Unfortunately, this is necessary as there is no international eco-standard and companies often realize that if they use the word ‘green’ they can charge more for the same thing. One of the best things as far as Electra is concerned is that most of the places she has chosen use renewable energy, employ local staff and therefore re-invest in the local economy. Finally, Rachel Rogers has started her own online department store, thenaturalstore.co.uk. The idea for The Natural Store came from the fact that Rachel was frustrated by having to shop at lots of different places to buy what she wanted. She thought that it would be good to start a shop where you could buy Fairtrade products, organic food, environmentally friendly cosmetics and ethical clothing all in one place. Although things cost a bit more it is worth it because the result is a cleaner planet. So, the next time you are thinking about the environment and you’d actually like to do something positive, check out the options that are available. You’ll be surprised just how easy it is to be green.
Part 2 Read the article below. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? (6) If you can’t sleep properly then aromatherapy should help. T /F (7) Reflexology works by blocking the nervous system and helping you relax. T / F (8) There is a scientific reason showing how acupuncture works. T / F (9) People with high blood pressure shouldn’t use acupuncture. T / F (10) According to the article, when you are relaxed it is easier for you to be influenced. T / F
Aromatherapy, as the name suggests, is to do with smells. In aromatherapy oils from flowers, fruits and leaves are used to help people relax. Usually the oils are inhaled by smelling the scent given off when the oils are heated. So, one very common product that you can buy is special candles that you can place around your room and light when you feel the need to relax. The oils can also be used in massages and when having a bath. Research has shown that aromatherapy is good for relieving stress and also helps with insomnia (not being able to sleep) and some emotional problems.
Reflexology is an ancient alternative therapy that was used in ancient Egypt, Greece and China. However, modern reflexology was developed by William H Fitzgerald, a doctor in the USA, in the early 20th century. Reflexology involves putting pressure on parts of the feet or hands and a gentle movement, a little bit like massage. The idea is that the pressure will help remove any blockages in the nervous system and help stimulate your body’s energy pathways. It is used to relieve stress, cure headaches and help with pain and insomnia. One of the best things about reflexology is that it is possible to do it to yourself.
Acupuncture is probably the best known of these alternative therapies and is part of traditional Chinese medicine. It involves using needles and inserting them into selected points on the body. The belief is that by placing needles at particular points the flow of energy can be changed so that particular parts of the body are affected. Scientists believe that by using the needles endorphins are released into the brain and that it is this that makes acupuncture work. Research shows that acupuncture is effective at helping relieve pain and headaches, as well as helping with asthma and high blood pressure.
Hypnosis (or hypnotherapy) is probably not usually thought of as a way of treating illnesses. But, in fact, it can be extremely effective. It works by getting the patient to relax. When they are very relaxed it is possible to make suggestions that are supposed to help the person get better – this is known as mental healing. The suggestions are positive ideas about how to behave, what to do, or how you wish to feel. Because your body and mind are relaxed you are more likely to accept these ideas and find that they work. Hypnosis is used a lot to help people overcome anxiety, addictions, weight problems, insomnia and phobias. Writing Read the competition information below and then write your entry. Write between 200-250 words.
Lifestyle magazine is running a competition to find out what you think the future holds. What do you think will happen in the next twenty years? Do you think there will be any inventions that will make life easier? What do you think will happen to the environment? We’d like to hear your thoughts. The winning entry will receive a £1,000 prize.
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