Graduate Schools

UNIT I

 

I. Vocabulary

 

academic year (session, work)	учебный год, учебные занятия
to be accomodated	получить место для жилья
(intense) curriculum	(насыщенная) программа
key subject, specialized subject, major	основной предмет, специальный предмет
language of instruction	язык, на котором ведется обу­чение
to lead tutorials	вести практические занятия
scheme of study (work)	учебный (рабочий) план
principles of (education)	основы педагогики
private study	самостоятельная работа
to be well balanced in the humanities and science	иметь правильное соотноше­ние гуманитарных и точ­ных наук
teaching space	учебные помещения
applicant for a post-graduate course places	Абитуриент (подающий заявление о приеме в аспирантуру)
application for admission	заявление о приеме
post-graduate (advanced) course	аспирантский курс, аспирантура
to attend classes set out in the time-table	посещать занятия, указанные в расписании
(compulsory) subject	(обязательный)предмет
course, course of study (of instruction)	учебный курс
the course runs for	курс длится
to cut down lectures	сокращать число лекций
to draw up the syllabus	составлять общий учебный план
to give thorough tuition	Давать основательную подго­товку
to launch an examination scheme	вывесить расписание экзаме­нов
to raise entrance standards	Повысить требования на всту­пительных экзаменах
to require the withdrawal of ….	потребовать исключения (аспиранта)
graduate school	аспирантура, магистратура
Bachelor of Arts / Bachelor of Science	ученые степени, присуждаемые по окончании I ступени университета баккалавр искусств/баккалавр наук
Master	магистр (II ученая степень университета)
preliminary courses	подготовительные курсы
refresher courses	курсы усовершенствования
Research	научно-исследовательская ра­бота
engineering department	технический факультет
extension courses (groups)	курсы повышения квалифика­ции
non-resident institute	институт, не имеющий обще­жития
Comprehensive	всесторонний, обширный
Aim	цель
to provide	обеспечивать
to be in tune with	быть в ладу с, соответствовать
Range	круг, сфера
Facilities	оборудование
Doctorate	докторская степень
to focus attention	сосредоточивать внимание
main/major subject	профилирующая дисциплина
Undergraduate	студент-бакалавр
a graduate	выпускник высшего учебного заведения, магистр
Post-graduate (research student)	аспирант
science department	факультет естественных наук
Thesis	диссертация
Curriculum	учебная программа
Skill	умение
teaching staff	преподавательский состав
Ability	способность
Experience	опыт
Training	подготовка
advanced studies	курс углубленной подготовки
to confer degrees	присуждать степени
to defend (topic, theme, thesis)	защищать (тему, диссертацию)
to attain (gain) an academic degree	получать ученую степень
to referee a thesis	рецензировать диссертацию
to graduate in (physics) to graduate at (Novosibirsk) to graduate from (the Uni­versity) to graduate with Honours	окончить (физический фа­культет) окончить (ВУЗ в Новосибирске) окончить _(университет) окончить ВУЗ с отличием
to hold (possess) a degree	иметь диплом университета
to take a subject at advanced level	сдавать предмет по повышен­ным требованиям
to pass satisfactorily to pass with Credit to pass with Merit (Dis­tinction)	сдать удовлетворительно сдать хорошо сдать отлично
to test the proficiency	проверять знания и умения
honours degree	диплом с отличием
a non-graduate	с незаконченным выс­шим образованием
to take (gain or obtain) one's doctorate with a thesis on...	полунить степень доктора наук на основе диссертации на тему...
Concentration	сосредоточение, концентрация
clear reasoning	четкая аргументация
to solve a problem	решить проблему
Solution	решение
to give an opportunity	дать возможность
to make a decision	принять решение
Activity	деятельность
to involve	вовлекать
to interact	взаимодействовать
to attract	привлекать
Achievement	достижение
to meet the requirements /needs	отвечать требованиям
to defend (topic, theme)	защищать (тему, диссертацию

 

II. Read and translate international words and word-combinations.

reform, system, type, typical, academy, function, intellectual elite, industry and commerce, technological, infrastructure, inadequate administration, informative journal, lecturer, colleague, conference, limited funds, classroom discussion, to sum up the discussion, academic problems, expert, special course, professional interests, to orientate, aspect, university status, to focus, qualification, integral part, to demonstrate mastery.

Academic Degrees

There are four principal types of academic degrees, each representing a different level of academic achieve­ment.

Undergraduate Degrees

The associate dergee is conferred upon the completion of two years of organized program of general, pre-profess^on-al, or semiprofessional work.

The bachelor's (baccalaureate) degree usually represents successful completion of a four-year сourse of study. This oldest academic degree is used in various forms by almost every institution offering four or more years of work. Much of the first two years is prescribed and includes courses in such fields as humanities, the social science, and the fine arts. In the third and fourth years, the baccalaureate student specializes (majors) in one or two fields. The equivalent of a full year of work may be devoted to his majorfield and half that amount of time to a related minor field. The de­gree is usually awarded in the major field.

 

Graduate Degrees

The most common master's degree program represents a minimum of 1 year of work beyond the baccalaureate. In certain areas this has been extended to 2 years of required graduate study (e. g. in business administration) or even 3 years (e. g. in fine arts). It may also involve one or all of the following additional requirements: a thesis, a general examination, mastery of a foreign language. The master's degree candidate follows a rather specific course of study, usually in a single field and arranged in cooperation with his adviser. This is not, however, considered to be a rese­arch degree, but rather preparation for the PhD. In certain cases it is bypassed-by students going for PhD, but may be granted as a consolation prize to those who fail to qualify for the doctorate.

Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) is one of the more rapidly growing; it is designed to prepare liberal arts gra­duate for secondary school teaching. Normally neither a language examination nor a thesis is required for MAT, but a course in practical teaching is usually incorporated.

The earned doctorate is the most advanced degree con­ferred by American institutions. Doctoral programs usually consist of at least 3 years of study beyond the baccalaureate. There are 2 quite distinct types of doctoral programs: the professional degree and the research degree. The first type represents advanced training for the practice of a given profession, such as the Doctor of Medicine, the Doctor of Dental Science, and similar degrees. These degrees do not imply original research.

The research doctorate (PhD) is the highest earned de­gree in the American graduate school. Candidates usually follow a program of studies concentrated in one of the major fields of knowledge. They are normally required to demon­strate reading proficiency in at least two foreign languages. After a student has satisfactorily completed his course work and met his foreign language requirements, he must take a comprehensive examination to demonstrate a general knowledge of his field. It may be oral or written or both, and is evaluated by a special committee to determine whe­ther he is prepared to undertake his dissertation (it is usu­ally the preliminary, or qualifying, examination). The final period of predoctoral study is given over largely to the preparation of the dissertation (this may require several years to finish). A final examination is required at most universities after the dissertation and other requirements for the degree have been completed.

According to tradition, the prospective doctor of philo­sophy should defend the conclusions of his dissertation. Consequently, it is frequently the custom to make public announcements of the date and place of the final examina­tion and to permit the attendance of any scholars who may wish to participate. At one time, it was not uncommon for universities to require that doctoral dissertation be publish­ed, but the increased expense in printing costs as well as the increase in the number of dissertations have made such a requirement quite rare.

Other Degrees

Besides awarding earned degrees to students who have met the established requirements, some colleges and uni­versities also award honorary degrees as a form of deserved recognition for distinguished public service or for outstand­ing creative work. Compared to the number of earned degrees, not many honorary degrees are awarded annually, and the recipient is usually an individual of such unquestio­nable reputation that the public looks upon the degree simply as a symbol of recognition for public service. Earned doctorate— degree or status of doctor conferred bу a uni­
versity or college on a person after he has fulfilled certain academic
requirements..