Складені прийменники

according to відповідно до, згідно з

because of з-за, через

by means of за допомогою

due to через, внаслідок

in addition to на додаток до

in case of щодо, на випадок

in front of перед, напроти

in order to для того щоб

in spite of незважаючи на

instead of замість того, щоб

owing tо внаслідок, завдяки

thanks to завдяки

 

 

72 Translate the following:

1 The doctor finished the examination of patients in time in spite of all difficulties. 2 The X-ray room is on the first floor just in front of the laboratory. 3 This diagnosis was made by means of a computing machine. 4 Give me the big syringe instead of this small one. 5 The surgeon performed some operations by means of new instruments. 6 He went to his work in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold. 7 This therapeutist examines many patients by means of new methods. 8 Instead of being in bed the patient walked in the garden. 9 This patient’s bed was in front of the door. 10 Mr. Smith is absent today in view of his illness.

 

73 Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use and meaning of due to:

1 Meat poisoning is usually due to organisms of Salmonella group. 2 Appendicitis is a bacterial infection due to streptococci, colon ba­cilli and other organisms. 3 Early deaths are due to toxemia and less frequently to complicating infections. 4 Deaths in the second or third week are due to myocarditis or other complicated infections. 5 Pyloric obstruction due to scar tissues formation may occur and may be partial or complete. 6 Air contamination due to motor exhausts is generally heaviest in the business and industrial districts. 7 What were infla­mmatory processes after operations due to? 8 Food poisoning may be due to a variety of causes, including the injection of organic and inor­ganic chemical substances as well as bacterial poisoning.

 

74 Translate the sentences, pay attention to compound prepositions:

1 Due to good laboratory data the doctor could define this disease. 2 Because of bad preparing he couldn’t pass the examination. 3 It was owing to the doctor’s overseeing that the mistake occurred. 4 This may happen because of extensive tooth decay and because of an accident. 5 Thanks to this doctor he was admitted to the hospital. 6 Due to the latest invention in the surgery we have big good success in the treatment of these patients. 7 The worker could not work owing to severe pain in his stomach. 8 The professor could not deliver this lecture because of his illness. 9 This patient became well thanks to this treatment. 10 Due to some new inventions in medicine the number of the patients suffering from infectious diseases is decreasing from year to year. 11 The patient could not tell the doctor about the symptoms because of his bad state.

 

75 Note the use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs in the following sentences. Translate these sen­tences:

1 The more risk factors the individuals have, the greater is their likelihood of developing heart disease. 2 Generally, the least controversial and most widely ac­cepted coronary risk factors are considered to be smok­ing, levels of cholesterol in the blood, and high blood pressure. 3 The fewer the number of activities that greatly harm human health, the better it would be for the health of all humanity. 4 Soya beans are widely known for their anti-cancer po­tential, and the latest discoveries are encouraging. 5 Numerous studies have shown associations of higher dietary fruit and vegetable intake with lower risks of a whole range of cancers. 6 The longer you smoke, the worse the damage becomes. 7 Good health is better than the best medicine.

 

76 Translate the following sentences:

1 The earlier the diagnosis, the more likelihood of cure. 2 The smaller the loss, the quicker the patient recovers. 3 The more primitive organism, the greater its facility of regeneration. 4 The sooner the patient is operated on, the better for him. 5 The larger the heart, the lower the position which it occupies in the thorax. 6 The more fresh air, the better for patients. 7 The earlier the diagnosis is made, the simpler and more conservative is successful treatment. 8 The sicker the patient with a fractured hip is, the sooner surgery should be carried out. 9 The greater the viscosity of a sludge flowing through a pipeline the greater will be the head loss for the same rated flow. 10 As water vapour is lighter than dry air, the larger the moisture content the lighter the moist air and the less the pressure. 11 The better the condition of the patient and the younger he is, the greater the delay that may be accepted.

77 Use the comparative degree of the adjectives in the following:

Example: The … (much) I read the … (much) I know The more I read the more I know.

1 The … (cold) the day the … (good) I feel. 2 The … (warm) the day the … (bad) I feel. 3 The … (difficult) the exercise the … (much) time I need. 4 The … (beautiful) the day the … (little) I can do. 5 The … (high) the fever the … (dangerous) the case. 6 The … (hard) she works the … (soon) she can become a ward sister.

 

78 Translate the sentences paying attention to the words in bol types:

1 The patient had a bad ache in his ear. 2 My head aches so that I cannot read. 3 The X-ray examination did not reveal any lung trouble. 4 The doctor wants to know what troubles the patient. 5 I do not doubt that the patient will feel well after the treatment. 6 There is no doubt that the pain will be controlled soon. 7 During the operation the approach to the diseased portion of the colon was difficult. 8 He approached the house in which all the windows were dark. 9 The bands of muscular fibers may be long or short. 10 The human leg has a large surface. 11 Show us in the picture the point of connection of the rib and the breastbone. 12 The origin of some diseases is not well studied. 13 He is the Ukrainian by origin. 14 He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the age of 45. 15 The patient had a very high temperature – it was 39.5°C. 16 The patient’s health was restored after the course of treatment.17 My brother looks ill because he has been ill since the beginning of the spring. He fell ill with the grippe on the first of March. 18 Yesterday a call came to our polyclinic from a patient who lived in the suburb. The patient called in a doctor because he had pain in the chest. The therapeutist made the diagnosis of pneumonia. This disease is called pneumonia because it is caused by pneumococci.