GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGSThere are a wide variety of gastrointestinal drugs. They each have different pharmacologic activities and are used mainly to relieve uncomfortable and potentially dangerous symptoms. Type of Drug Antacids: neutralize (render inactive) acid in the stomach. Used for peptic ulcer symptoms, which are esophagitis (heartburn) and epigastric discomfort. Antacid have been a tried and tested treatment for dyspeptic symptoms for hundreds of years. Their use is still justified since, in addition to their acid-neutralizing effect, antacids have been shown to exclude other harmful substance (e.g. bile acids in gastroduodenal reflux). Moreover, they also enhance cytoprotective properties because they stimulate prostaglandin synthesis by the gastric mucosa. This makes them appropriate for use in all types of peptic lesions. Emetics: produce vomiting Purgatives: Laxatives (mild), Cathartics (strong). Promote defecation and relieve constipation; there are four modes of action: (1) Irritants disturb the lining of the intestine and produce contractions. (2) Agents which swell in the presence of water and mechanically stimulate intestinal contractions. (3) Salt (saline) holds water in the intestine, promoting contraction of muscles. (4) Emollients soften the faces. Antinauseants:relieve nausea and vomiting. Antidiarrheals and antispasmodics: treat diarrhea and decrease rapid movement of bowels (spasms).
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