Anybody ◈ pen II S. [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as ben II 2 страница

biped ◈ * tad-dal S. [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail S. [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388

birch ◈ brethil II S. [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel N.) pl. brethil S., N. n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429

bird ◈ aew S., N. [ˈɑɛw] n. Orn. (small) bird ◇ Ety/348, S/434 ◈ * aewen S. [ˈɑɛwɛn] adj. of birds ← Linaewen S/434 ◈ emlin N. [ˈɛmlin] (emmelin N., emelin N.) n. Orn. yellow bird, "yellow hammer" ◇ Ety/386 ◈ fileg N. [fˈilɛg] pl. filig N. [fˈilig] n. Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381◈ filigod N. [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of fileg, Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381 ◈ heledir N. [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn N.) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394 ◈ tavor N. [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr N., tafr N.) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390 ◈ tuilinn N. [tˈujlinn] (tuilind N., tuilin N.) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4

bite ◈ nag- N. [nˈɑg] v. to bite ◇ Ety/374

biting ◈ naeth S., N. [nˈɑɛθ] n. 1. biting ○ 2. by ext., woe (gets sense of gnashing teeth in grief) ← Elu-naeth WJ/258, Ety/374-375 ◈ narch S. [nˈɑrx] n. (bitter-) biting ← Narchost LotR, RC/601

bitter ◈ saer N. [sˈɑɛr] adj. bitter ◇ Ety/385

black ◈ morn S., N. [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn S. [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65

blackthorn ◈ toss N. [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

blade ◈ hathol S. [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel N., * hathal N.) n. 1. Mil. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. Mil. by ext., axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433 ◈ See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants and their vocalization

blessedness ◈ † galu *S. [gˈɑlu] (galw N.) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W

blessings ◈ † galu *S. [gˈɑlu] (galw N.) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W

bliss ◈ manadh N. [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext., final bliss ◇ Ety/371

blocked ◈ * tafnen S. [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341 ◈ Orthography normalized to tafnen, as in lefnui

blood ◈ * agar S. [ˈɑgɑr] n. blood ← Agarwaen S/378 ◈ iâr N. [jˈɑːr] n. blood ◇ Ety/400 ◈ sereg S. [sˈɛrɛg] n. blood ◇ S/437

bloodstained ◈ agarwaen S. [ɑgˈɑrwɑɛn] adj. bloodstained ◇ S/378

blossom ◈ * edlothia- S. [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TL ◈ The sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible form ◈ gwaloth N. [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370, VT/45:29◈ This form replaced deleted goloth in the manuscript of The Etymologies, see VT/45:29. The deleted form is however also later attested in VT/42:18

blossoming ◈ * edlothiad (corr. edlothiand) S. [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293 ◈ Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad

blow ◈ † dram *S. [drˈɑm] (dramm N., dramb N.) n. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.) ◇ Ety/354, X/MB ◈ drambor N. [drˈɑm.bɔr] n. 1. clenched fist ○ 2. by ext., blow (with fist) ◇ Ety/354

blue ◈ † elu *S. [ˈɛlu] (elw N.) adj. (pale) blue ◇ Ety/360, X/W ◈ lhûn N. [ɬˈuːn] adj. (unknown meaning) ◇ Ety/370, VT/48:24-29 ◈ This word, which also appears on the map of Middle-earth in LotR, is glossed as "blue" in The Etymologies, but Tolkien later rejected this meaning (as luin was already used in that sense). He then proposed several explanations for it, including the possible adaptation of a Dwarvish name into Sindarin, but he apparently never reached a definitive solution. ◈ luin S. [lˈujn] adj. invar. blue ◇ LotR (misc.), S/434, UT/390, Ety/370, VT/48:24

board ◈ pân I N. [pˈɑːn] pl. † pain *S. [pˈɑjn] (pein N.) n. plank, fixed board (especially in floor) ◇ Ety/380, X/EI

boat ◈ † lunt *S. [lˈunt] (lhunt N.) n. boat ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

body ◈ rhaw IV S. [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350, VT/47:12

bold ◈ beren II N. [bˈɛrɛn] adj. bold ◇ Ety/352 ◈ † cand *S. [kˈɑnd] (cann N.) adj. bold ◇ Ety/362, X/ND1

bolster ◈ † nedhu *S. [nˈɛðu] (nedhw N.) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W

bond ◈ gwaedh N. [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397 ◈ gwedh N. [gwˈɛð] n. bond ◇ Ety/397 ◈ gwend II N. [gwˈɛnd] n. bond, friendship ◇ Ety/397-398, X/ND1

book ◈ parf N. [pˈɑrv] pl. perf N. [pˈɛrv] n. book ◇ Ety/380

border ◈ † edrain *S. [ˈɛdrɑjn] (edrein N.) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/EI ◈ glân II S. [glˈɑːn] n. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things) ◇ VT/42:8 ◈ † rain I *S. [rˈɑjn] (rhain N., rhein N.) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ † rîw *S. [rˈiːw] (rhîf N.) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

born ◈ * onnen S. [ˈɔnnɛn] pl. * ennin S. [ˈɛnnin] pp. of onna-, born ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387

boss ◈ dolt II N. [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt N. [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376

bound ◈ gleina- S. [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13 ◈ naud N. [nˈɑud] adj. bound ◇ Ety/378

boundary ◈ gland S. [glˈɑnd] (glann S.) n. boundary ← Glanduin, Glanhír UT/264, UT/318, UT/441, VT/42:8, X/ND1 ◈ taeg S. [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309

bow ◈ cû; S., N. [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. Mil. by ext., bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429 ◈ peng N. [pˈɛŋ] n. Mil. bow (for shooting) ◇ Ety/366

bowed ◈ cûn N. [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365

bowstring ◈ tang N. [tˈɑŋ] n. Mil. bowstring ◇ Ety/394

branch ◈ golf N. [gˈɔlv] n. Bot. branch ◇ Ety/359

brand ◈ † ylf I *S. [ˈylv] (iolf N.) n. brand ◇ Ety/400, X/IU ◈ The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

bread ◈ basgorn N. [bˈɑsgɔrn] n. loaf (of bread) ◇ Ety/372, Ety/365 ◈ * bass S. [bˈɑss] n. bread ← besain, besoneth, imbas PM/404-405, VT/44:21 ◈ In the Etymologies, the word for "bread" is given as bast, Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth "bread-giver", and in the mutated form (i)mbas (apparently prefixed with the article). These latter Sindarin forms are however dubious, as we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection), and possibly a different mutation pattern after the article ◈ † bassoneth *S. [bˈɑssonɛθ] (besoneth S.) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word ◈ bast N. [bˈɑst] n. bread ◇ Ety/372 ◈† bessain *S. [bˈɛssɑjn] (besain S.) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word ◈ lembas S. [lˈɛmbɑs] n. journey bread made by the Elves ◇ PM/404, LotR/II:VIII

break ◈ * breitha- N. [brˈɛjθɑ] inf. breitho N. [brˈɛjθɔ] v. to break out suddenly ◇ Ety/352

breath ◈ † hwest *S. [ʍˈɛst] (chwest N.) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW ◈ thûl N. [θˈuːl] n. breath ◇ Ety/393

breathe ◈ * thuia- N. [θˈuj.ɑ] inf. thuio N. [θˈuj.ɔ] v. to breathe ◇ Ety/393

breeze ◈ † hwest *S. [ʍˈɛst] (chwest N.) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

bride ◈ dineth N. [dˈinɛθ] n. bride ◇ Ety/377-378 ◈ dîs N. [dˈiːs] n. f. bride ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375

bridegroom ◈ † daer II *S. [dˈɑɛr] (doer N.) n. bridegroom ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:9, X/OE

bridge ◈ iant S., N. [jˈɑnt] n. bridge ◇ Ety/400, S/432

bright ◈ * glân I S. [glˈɑːn] adj. bright, shining white ← Curunír 'Lân UT/390 ◈ The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking

brilliance ◈ aglar S., N. [ˈɑglɑr] n. glory, brilliance, splendour ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/II:I, LotR/VI:IV, RGEO/73, VT/47:13 ◈ * fael II S. [fˈɑɛl] n. gleaming brilliance (of the sun) ← Faelivrin LB/376, S/209-210

brilliant ◈ † celair *S. [kˈɛlɑjr] (celeir N.) adj. brilliant ◇ Ety/362, X/EI

bring ◈ * tog- N. [tˈɔg] inf. tegi N. [tˈɛgi] v. to lead, bring ◇ Ety/395

broad ◈ land II S. [lˈɑnd] (lhand N., lhann N.) adj. wide, broad ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/367, X/LH, X/ND1

broadsword ◈ hathol S. [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel N., * hathal N.) n. 1. Mil. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. Mil. by ext., axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433 ◈ See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants and their vocalization

brooch ◈ tachol N. [tˈɑxl̩] (tachl N.) n. pin, brooch ◇ Ety/389

broth ◈ † salph *S. [sˈɑlf] (salff N.) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, VT/46:12, X/PH ◈ The form salf in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45:12

brother ◈ gwador N. [gwˈɑdɔr] pl. gwedeir N. n. m. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates) ◇ Ety/394 ◈ gwanur N. [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, VT/46:6, LotR/A(iv) ◈ hanar S. [hˈɑnɑr] n. m. brother ◇ VT/47:14 ◈ hawn S. [hˈɑwn] n. m. Arch. brother ◇ VT/47:14 ◈ honeg S. [hˈɔnɛg] n. m. dim. of hawn, 1. "litte brother" ○ 2. Biol. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17 ◈ Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion ◈ muindor N. [mˈujndɔr] pl. muindyr N. [mˈujndyr] n. m. brother ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tôr N. [tˈɔːr] pl. † teryn *S. [tˈɛryn] (terein N.) n. m. Arch. brother ◇ Ety/394, X/Z ◈ The word muindor is more usual

brown ◈ baran I S., N. [bˈɑrɑn] adj. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown ◇ Ety/351, LotR/F, TC/179, RC/343 ◈ † rhosg *S. [ɹ̥ˈɔsg] (rhosc N.) adj. brown ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

bud ◈ tuiw N. [tˈujw] (tui N.) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395

builder ◈ thavron N. [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388

building ◈ adab N. [ˈɑdɑb] pl. † edaib *S. [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb N.) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EI ◈ car N. [kˈɑr] (cardh N.) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362

bull ◈ mund S. [mˈund] n. Zool. bull ◇ Letters/422-423

burden ◈ caul S. [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10

bush ◈ toss N. [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

butterfly ◈ gwilwileth N. [gwˈil̡wilɛθ] n. Zool. butterfly ◇ Ety/398

by ◈ an- N. [ɑn] pref. with, by ◇ Ety/374 ◈ na S., N. [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII

C

cairn ◈ sarnas N. [sˈɑrnɑs] n. abst. of sarn, cairn, pile of stones ◇ LR/406

cake ◈ cram S., N. [krˈɑm] (cramb N.) n. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk) ◇ Ety/365, LotR/II:VIII

calendar ◈ genediad S. [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext., calendar ◇ SD/129-31

call ◈ can- S. [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362 ◈ ial N. [jˈɑl] n. (?) a call, (?) a cry ◇ VT/46:22 ◈ ialla- N. [jˈɑllɑ] v. to call ◇ VT/46:22

calligrapher ◈ tegilbor S. [tɛgˈil̡bɔr] n. one skilled in calligraphy, a calligrapher ◇ PM/318, VT/47:8

camp ◈ echad S. [ˈɛxɑd] n. camp ◇ UT/431

canopy ◈ daedelu N. [dˈɑɛdɛlu] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391 ◈ orthelian N. [ɔrθˈɛli.ɑn] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391

cape ◈ bund N. [bˈund] (bunn N.) n. 1. Biol. snout, nose ○ 2. Geog. by ext., cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2 ◈ * cast S. [kˈɑst] n. Geog. cape, headland ← Angast VT/42:28

carpenter ◈ thavron N. [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388

catch ◈ gad- N. [gˈɑd] inf. gedi N. [gˈɛdi] v. to catch ◇ Ety/358 ◈ raeda- S. [rˈɑɛdɑ] v. to catch in a net ◇ VT/42:12

cave ◈ fela N. [fˈɛlɑ] pl. fili N. [fˈili] n. cave ◇ Ety/381 ◈ gathrod N. [gˈɑθrɔd] n. cave ◇ Ety/358 ◈ groth S. [grˈɔθ] n. 1. cave, tunnel, large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431, VT/46:12 ◈ rond S. [rˈɔnd] (rhond N., rhonn N.) n. 1. cave roof ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1

cavern ◈ gath N. [gˈɑθ] n. cavern ◇ Ety/358

cavernous ◈ † raudh *S. [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh N.) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

centre ◈ ened S. [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh N.) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16 ◈ While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

cessation ◈ post N. [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382

chain ◈ angwedh N. [ˈɑŋgwɛð] n. chain ◇ Ety/397

chair ◈ ham N. [hˈɑm] n. (?) chair ◇ VT/45:20

chamber ◈ * sam S. [sˈɑm] n. chamber ← Sammath LotR/VI:III, S/435 ◈ sammath S. [sˈɑmmɑθ] n. coll. of sam, chambers ◇ LotR/VI:III, S/435

chant ◈ linnathon S. [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. fut. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◈ linnod S. [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇LotR/A(iv) ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod

charm ◈ † lûth *S. [lˈuːθ] (lhûth N.) n. spell, charm ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

chaser ◈ † rŷn *S. [rˈyːn] (rhŷn N.) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

cheat ◈ * gweria- N. [gwˈɛri.ɑ] inf. gwerio N. [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397

child ◈ hên II S. [hˈɛːn] pl. hîn S. [hˈiːn] n. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics) ◇ WJ/403 ◈ sell N. [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385

circle ◈ echor S. [ˈɛxɔr] n. outer circle, encircling, outer ring ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index, S/430 ◈ † rind *S. [rˈind] (rhind N., rhinn N.) n. circle ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1 ◈ † ringorn *S. [rˈiŋgɔrn] (rhingorn N.) n. circle ◇ Ety/365, X/RH

circular ◈ † rend *S. [rˈɛnd] (rhenn N.) adj. circular ◇ Ety/383, VT/46:11, X/RH, X/ND1

citadel ◈ ost S., N. [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. citadel, fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414, RC/232

city ◈ caras S., N. [kˈɑrɑs] n. 1. circular earthwall with dike ○ 2. city (built above ground) ◇ Ety/362, LotR/II:VII, RC/311 ◈ minas S. [mˈinɑs] (minnas N.) n. abst. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext., fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24 ◈ ost S., N. [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. citadel, fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414, RC/232 ◈ † othronn *S. [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond S., N.) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4