England
England is the largest and the richest country of Great Britain. The capital of England is London but there are other large industrial cities, such as Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and other famous and interesting cities such as York, Chester, Oxford and Cambridge. Stonehenge is one of the most famous prehistoric places in the world. This ancient circle of stones stands in Southwest England. It measures 80 metres across and is made with massive blocks of stone up to four metres high. Why it was built is a mystery. Not far from Stonehenge stands Salisbury Cathedral. It is a splendid example of an English Gothic Cathedral; inside there is one of four copies of Magna Charta and the oldest clock in England. Chester is very important town in the north-west of England. In the past it used to be a Roman fort; its name comes from the Latin word castra, meaning «fortified camp». In Chester there is a famous museum which contains over 5000 ancient and modern toys. Oxford is the home of the oldest university of England. The most famous college is Christ Church. It has a great hall which was built during the reign of Henry VIII and its chapel has become the Cathedral of Oxford. Cambridge is the home of Britain's second oldest university. York was the capital of Northern England. It is one of the best preserved medieval cities of Europe. It was built by Romans, conquered by Anglo-Saxons and ruled by the Vikings. Birmingham is often called the «City of 1,500 trades» because of the great variety of its industries. IV. Words to be learnt: famous – знаменитый to measure – измерять cathedral – собор fort – форт camp – лагерь college – колледж medieval – средневековый conquered - завоеванный Exercises to the text:
I. Find the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:
II. Fill in prepositions if necessary. Translate into Russian: 1. This ancient circle of stones stands … Southwest England. 2. Not far … Stonehenge stands Salisbury Cathedral. It is a splendid example … an English Gothic Cathedral. 3. Its name comes … the Latin word castra, meaning … «fortified camp». 4. The most famous college is Christ … Church. It has a great hall which was built … the reign of Henry VIII and its chapel has become … the Cathedral of Oxford. 5. It was built … Romans, conquered … Anglo-Saxons and ruled … the Vikings.
III. Make up sentences:
IV. Answer the following questions: 1. What are large industrial cities of England? 2. What is one of the most famous prehistoric places in the world? 3. Where are the oldest clock in England and a copy of Magna Charta now? 4. What is Chester interesting in? 5. What are two oldest universities in England? 6. What was the capital of Northern England? 7. Why is Birmingham called the “City of 1500 trades”?
V. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English: 1. Самой большой и самой важной страной Великобритании является Англия. 2. Бирмингем, Ливерпуль и Манчестер – известные и интересные города. 3. Стоунхендж – это древний круг из камней, находящихся в Англии. 4. Он сделан из каменных блоков до 4 метров высотой. 5. Кто и с какой целью его построил остаётся загадкой. 6. Честер в прошлом – римский форт. 7. Англия является родиной самого древнего университета. 8. Йорк был столицей Северной Англии. 9. В Бирмингеме очень много отраслей промышленности. 10. Я очень надеюсь, что в скором будущем мне удастся посетить эту замечательную страну. Grammar Material
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