Формули переходу до паралельних або повернутих осей

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To consider smth (consider doing smth), to have full/joint custody of …, to leave things as they are, to hold true (This pattern holds true …), a framework (a legal framework, in the framework of …), to (re)define smth, a breadwinner, a trend, to allocate money for …, to claim aid for …, lodging, to qualify for smth, a tax deduction, to meet criteria, a right of inheritance, to fall short (Such laws fall short.), to carry full legal authority, a state of affairs, to ease smth, to receive an allowance.

Reading and Speaking 2.

A birth rate, to face smth, economic decline, economics, to determine smth, to table a proposal, (a) welfare (scheme), to require smb to do smth, to have (little) impact on smth, the well-off, to discriminate against smb, a discrepancy

Professional Reading

A settlement with smb, to be at stake, to set a precedent, to extend pension benefits to smb, bias, a legal obligation.

Vocabulary 2.

To be entitled to smth, to be legally binding, to suffer harsh treatment, (un)ambiguous.

To come upwith smth, to come into smth, to come up against smth, to come up with smth.

To keep smb out of…, to keep up appearances, to keep one’s hands off smth, to keep smb at arm’s length, to keep something to oneself, to keep one’s eyes open, to keep on the right side of the law, to keep smb in the dark, to keep within bounds, in keeping with smth.

Unit 4

Reading and Speaking 1.

1.

To respond to treatment, to take to doing smth, a mortality rate, frail, an outbreak of (a disease), to take tough measures, to come into close contact with smb, to distribute fliers, a communicable disease, to undertake an investigation, a health-care worker, to pinpoint smth, unwittingly, to disseminate (a disease), to emerge, to contribute to smth, to verify smth, to contract a disease, to understate (numbers), a mutated virus (to mutate).

2.

A busybody, to report on smb, to act funny, to be stunned, to recall smth, to impose a quarantine on …, to spread a disease, an (un)orthodox approach to smth, authoritarian, to hold smb accountable to smb, to enforce measures, at the grass-roots level, a hot spot, to be assigned to do smth, to place smb under quarantine, to dispose of smth, to hold a briefing, to update smb.

Reading for Information.

1.An ailment, to take off (sales took off), a prescription drug (medication), to interfere with smth, findings, to say something flatly, to dismiss smth as …, to be inadequate/flawed, a dietary supplement, to touch a raw nerve, herbal medicine, a press release, inconclusive, to stand one’s ground.

2.To sniff smth out, health-related, a fraud, to write smth off as …, (a) dispassionate (analysis), to cite smth, to levy a penalty on smb, a breakthrough, to go after smb, a remedy, to get an idea through to smb.

To take in (to be taken in), to take on, to take smb for smb, to take over, to take smth up, to take up some time, to take to doing smth.

To be at loggerheads, to be at odds with smth, to be beyond smb, to be in the open, to be off, to be out of date, to be up to date, to be under orders, to be up to smth (doing smth).

Reading and Speaking 2.

A policy maker, a malignant growth, to malfunction, subjective, to be sensitive to smth, to rely on smb, weight fluctuation, sleep disturbance, fatigue, poor concentration, (low) self-esteem, to contemplate smth, self-medication, in terms of smth, to prevail, a health-care budget, to bring smb relief, to keep smth/smb at bay.

Professional Reading.

A (high) suicide rate, to inject lethal drugs, to legalize euthanasia, mercy killing, to be reviewed by a lawyer, to be eligible, to be terminally ill, (in)humane, to exclude smb, (to cause) impaired judgment, to opt for smth, polls.

Vocabulary 2.

On and off (from time to time), to be off (The wedding if off), (10%) off all prices, a mile off the shore, to be off work, to be off colour, off the record, to be off one’s head, to go/be off.

Unit 5

Reading and Speaking 1.

1.

To link smth with smth, to cause smth, a trend toward smth, to assert smth, to have an impact on smth, to question smth, scarce, unthinkable, to migrate out of …, to contaminate water supplies, to adjust, devastating, to proclaim smth, circumstantial evidence, coherent, a wide range of …, an environmentalist.

2.

A stance, outrage, to be reluctant to do smth, to pledge smth, (un)specified (to specify smth), a provision (of a treaty), to go down well somewhere, to ratify a treaty, to pull a plug on smth, to implement a program, a conservation law, to impose restrictions on …, to emerge, to get the message, to exceed smth, to slow smth down, futile.