Який тип суцвіття ефіроолійних культур, родини селерових?

Дата добавления: 2015-10-12; просмотров: 838

[ k ] black, pick, chicken, rocket, knock, duck, deck, stomach, Christmas, Christ,

chemistry, mechanical

[ ŋ ] thing, ring, song, belong, length, hang

[∫] ship, sheep, shallow, shop, shy, shoe, shrub, wash, cash, fashion, Russian,

pressure, mission, issue, expression, moustache, machine, chassis, chalet

[f] phone, photo, phonetics, pheasant, phrase, philosophy, symphony, telegraph

[ð] this, that, they, these, without, weather, gather, mother, bathe, breathe, rather

[ θ ] thick, thin, width, length, thank, think, tooth, bath, healthy,

[ w ] whale, wheel, wheat, which, whether, where, why, whey, what, when, white

[ h ] who, whom, whose, whole, whoop, whodunit

[ n ] knife, knee, knit, knot, knock, knob, know, knowledge, knight

[ r ] write, wrong, wrist, wring, wrap, wreath, wreck, wry, wrinkle, wrestle

[ n ] sign, design, benign, align, malign, campaign, champagne, foreign

[ s ] scent, descent, scene, miscellaneous, scissors, science, fascinate, oscillate

[ t∫ ] chiken, chair, which, achieve, cheap, church, match, watch, fetch, butcher,

catch, witch, itch

[ kw ] quake, quality, queen, quiz, equal, require, inquire, equipment, liquid, quite

Таблица чтения гласных

UNIT 1

1. открытый слог [ ei ] A a-закрытый слог [ æ ]	blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sake, ale, hate   sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van
2. открытый слог [ i: ] E e- закрытый слог [ e ]	eve, me, mete, Pete, bee   net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men, ten, best, rest, step
3. открытый слог [ oυ ] O o- закрытый слог [ o ]	so, no, stone, sole, zone, dome, nose, slope, rose, go lot, stop, not, on, off, spot, odd, slot, doll, dot, soft
4. [ s ] перед e, i, y C c- [ k ] перед a, o, u; в конце слова	centre, space, 'sentence, cent   can, case, cor'rect, cone, cat
5. [ g ] передa, o, u в начале слова G g - [ dζ ] перед e, i, y	gale, god, grim, 'gossip, glad, gas, got [е] [i] [¶:] page, gym, 'gypsy, 'gentle But: get, give, girl

Test yourself: blame, pale, mate, fate, make, fame, lamp, stamp, lake, bad, late, plan, ale, date, vale, bat, nave, tape, pan, fan, blade, lane, cake, brake, wake, flake, cape, Sam, tram, can, bake, tack, glad, hat, maze, grace, trace, skate, sad, bag, Ann, game sat, lamp.

2 a) trek pen Nell b) met – mete fence – Eve

stress press leg pet – Pete mend – Mede

mess left keg bed – be met - mete

hem dress peg bell – grebe zed – zee

lest stem egg wed – Swede melt – bede

beg spell desk cent – grebe

d) bat – bet – bade ass – mess – mace man – men – mane

bad – bed – bade dam – den – dam cab – ken – cane

flat – let – late pan – pen – pane lamp – led – lane

3 a) home – Rome prone – strove spoke – coke

bone – cone tone – phone broke – stoke

no – stone robe – rope dome – nose

strove – grove probe – grope home – rose

code – vote lode – note tone – close

smoke – woke lobe – lope pole – vote

b) trod pond prod prop smog

moss grog loss drop dot

lost stop bog spot loss

c) boss – broke cross – loss hop – hope blob – lobe

not – note stoke – coke mop – mope nod – node

mock – smoke rod – rode cod – code pop – pope

d) Oh, no! Go home alone! Don’t go slow. Don’t go slowly, Joe. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there is no snow. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there’s no snow on the road.

4 a) can act coŕrect camp clap

cat fact cost club crop

b) cent space trace cist place

ace nice ice cell pencil

face cell 'pencil price

c) cab – cad – cam cum – scum – cut

can – camp – cap fence – pence

cob – cod – con hence – trace

clog – crop – cop lance – trame

5 a) gem – gee b) gap – gas – gad

gest – gell got – god – gob

age – rage golf – glad – grab

page – strange grog – gloss – goblin

gentle – range

'gypsy [ 'dζipsi ]

c) bad – lag – hag – brag – crag

beg – leg – keg – clog – peg

big – pig – brig – Greg – big

bog – log – hog – fog – flog

Test yourself:'sentence, 'gypsy, range, cent, cor'rect, snow, bade, scene, rage, since, 'local, cell, smoke, code, probe, centre, glad, spent, lend, cape, mete, desk, late, hate, cane, bed, camp, page, age, crag, beg, 'traffic, hence, face, land, lace, hand, place, stop, Rome, close, test, rode, can, drive, cake, tent, page, state, pole, brake, code, lake, damp, tell, came, stand, trace, Celt, cent.

UNIT 2

6.Y y - [ j ] в начале слова	yes, yet, yell, yelp, yoke
7. открытый слог [ ai ] I, Y- закрытый слог [ i ]	by, dye, my, tie, size, mine, fine, dive, style, pine, like, time, tyke, bye, dyke, type, life   if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system
8. открытый слог [ jυ: ] U u-[ υ: ] после r, l, j закрытый слог [ L ]	cube, rule, mule, use, Hume, rude, brume, June, junior nut, but, cut, bus, sum, hug, luck, brush But: buzy [ 'bizi ], study [ 'stΛdi ]
9.ck - [ k ]	lick, lack, stick, nick, black, sack, deck, pack, clock, stuck

6 a) yes – yet bell – yell

you – yoke elm – yelp

yam – yak end – yes

7a) it – did nip – nib trip – big

bit – bid rip – rib strip – pin

it – lid strip – trim miss – print

kit – kid pin – bin him – grip

prim – brim prill – brill list – still

b) by style tyke fly – sly

my dyke type fry – pry

cry syce Tyke my – dry

c) file – tile mile – pile rid – ride tie – die

fine – dine lime – crime grid – bride bye – dye

pipe – ripe gripe – stripe scrip – scribe lie – pie

ride – side bride – pride mince – mine lye – rye

drive – wife strive – wife wince – wine

8 a) use – fuse – cute brume – Rome mule – mole

mute – fume – Hume rule – role Hume – home

cube – tube prune – prone fume – bone

huge – mule –due tune – tone huge – cola

b) Bruce – spruce plume – flute price – spruce

rune – prune flute – fluke rise – ruse

Hume – brume fluke – plume scribe – cube

prude – brute fly – flute rice – truce

rude – crude ply – plume due – huge

fly – rude dry – dune pro'duce – oppor'tu-

nity

c) cub – cube tub – tube huge – cute

hug – huge tune – truce tune – mule

cut – cute luck – Luke dune – spruce rug – glue

rud – rude nut – true suck – stuck duck – duke

run – rune rut – dug struck – cut brush – Brume

plum – plume bus – blue sum – mule luck – fluke

rub – rule rub – rude 'under dull – duke

d) 'customer, pro'duction, 'study, 'under, 'uncle, 'unit, un'like, un'til, up, up'set, up-to-day

Test yourself: by, dye, my, tie, but, if, nip, tip, system, fit, mine, gum, fine, dive, tin, style, pine, fun, tug, life, lift, sin, pipe, tide, kid, like, time, up, tint, tyke, bye, dyke, yelp, dike, did, nine, type, life, slip, bug, dip, lid, mill, kill, like, file, smile, try, glade, glide, globe, dame, dime, dome, plug, grape, ripe, rope, stale, style, stole, huge, raze, yoke, rose, tape, type, cup, trope, bug, lug, nut, cock, left, page, deck, run, big, tube, study, cone, me, sunny, luck, rule, dry, since, mince, past, flask, vast.

UNIT 3

10. [ υ: ] перед m, l, n oo- k, t [ υ ]	fool, spoon, soon, tool, pool, too, zoo look, took, hook, good, brook, book, foot
11. j dge- [ dζ ]	just, June, jet, Jeff, Jam, Jack, jazz, jig badge, lodge, bridge
12. sh- [ ò]	she, shall, shop, ship, shape, fish, dish, fresh, ship
13. chв словах англ. происхождения - [ tò ] tch	chest, check, inch, lynch, chap, chill, such, match, latch, ditch, catch, snatch, hatch, scratch, chop, chess

10 a) bug – book b) good – hook

hug – hook stood – took

tug – took foot – book

nut – nook wood – look

lug – look cook – wool

c) loo – too – zoo – woo d) poodle

loom – toon – zoom – swoon noodle

loop – stoop – swoop toodle

sloop – coop – troop – snoop tat`too – sa`loon

hoot – loot – root – moot bal`loon – ba`boon

11 a) gap – jab gut – jut got – jot jib – gin

gust – just gum – jam gog – jog jest – gest

gag – Jack gosh – Josh god – Jo just – gist jam – gem jin – gin

b) jest – yes jazz – yam

jet – yet Jack – yak

jam – yam Jam – yell

c) dog – dodge leg – fledge bad – badge

log – lodge hog – hedge odd – dodge

bag – badge brig – bridge bud – budge

plug – plunge egg – edge fled – fledge

fringe – hinge lunge – plunge led – ledge

12a) shop – shot b) ash – dash – rash – cash

shell – shelf mesh – dish – fresh – fish

shall – sham smash – splash – crash – trash

shock – shod rush – hush – flush – crush

chat – shunt shut – shim – shrill – shrimp

13 a) chess chest check b) hatch – latch – match – much

chap chat champ fetch – drench – crutch – snatch

chin chill chip itch – hitch – pitch – rich – scratch

chop chuck chat

c) chip – ship cash – catch d) back – batch – badge

chop – shop crush – Dutch block – blotch – lodge

crutch – grudge etch – edge deck – etch – edge

fetch – fledge inch – fringe luck – lunch – plunge

blotch – lodge check – change lick – lynch – hinge

[ 't∫eindζ ]

e) Madge – age cadge – cage

badge – page cadge – sage

Test yourself:fledge, luck, fetch, chip, itch, match, badge, yell, root, smash, wood, bug, sa'loon, bridge, June, joke, huge, gulf, yoke, good, took, inch, such, jazz, hook, zoo, stood, catch, fresh, fledge, crash, chat, crush, wool, jump, loop, jest, moon, fresh, hatch, check, shape, noodle, go, block, shelf, judge, shine, kitchen, cage, jungle, shell, ditch, spoon, shape, gum, chest, fridge, soot, pitch, trash, shall, chuck, jet, food, shock, cool, log, swoon, jab, loom.

UNIT 4

14.ee - [ i: ] ea	see, meat, feet, need, lead sleep, deed, sea, feed, fleet, zeal, east, keep, feel, pea, deal, leaf, mean
15. ai - [ ei ] ay	pain, vain, mail, day, lain, may, pay, say, clay, aim, fail, sail, bay, lay, claim, plain
16.e, i, y-[ i ] в безударном положении	'study, 'noisy, 'lobby, 'pony, 'sorry, 'lorry, 'duty, be'gin, di'vide
17. [ q ] th- [ ð ]	theme, thick, thin, depth, tenth, fifth they, these, then, with, them, those, thus, this, that, father
18. oв безуд. полож. a - [¶] u	'sofa, 'comma, 'husband, pa'rade   a'gain, a'go, to'day, up'on

14 a) fee – tree keep – been – seen

feel – green speech – keen – green

sheet – sheep feed – need – sleeve

freeze – meet see – sweep – feet

bee – see need – deep – sleep

b) fee – feel c) eat – meat mete – meat – meet

glee – green tea – sea seam – seem – weak

lee – sleep pea – beam scene – scream – screen

bee – been heat – neat eat – pea – clean

see – seen tree – meat sea – seat – cheap

deep – keen east – deal deal – each – seat

d) week – weak e) weal, veal, teen, weed, real, deed, treat,

see – sea weald, wheel, beach, Greek, peak,

meet – meat sneeze, sheep, sweep, seal, reap

speech – speak

reed – read

seem – seam

screen – scream

f) lead – lid bean – bin g) feel – fill green – grin

leap – lip eat – it beet – bit heed – hid

least – list reach – rich week – wick sleet – slit

meal – mill seat – sit cheek – chick been – bit

peach – pitch heat – hit sleep – slip fleet – fit

beat – bit peak – pick read – rid sweet – wit

each – itch read – rid deed – did feel – fit

Read: The art of Biography

Is different from Geography.

Geography is about maps,

Biography is about chaps.

15say sail stain main

day drain tail train

pay pail plain gait

way wail Spain lay

16 a) 'baby 'sorry b) 'carry – 'tarry 'merry – 'Perry

'lady 'lorry 'marry – 'parry 'cherry – 'sherry

'very 'crazy 'sorry – 'sherry fatty – jolly

'lobby 'finally 'ferry – 'cherry dandy – fancy

'berry happy

c) em'bed in'blame d) 'marry

re'cede in'scribe 'very

de'story dis'cover 'baby

re'ply 'public 'lady

de'fy 'story 'vary

de'ny

f) Be'gin to read. Re'peat it again.

Ex'plain it. 'Try it again.

Re'peat it, please.

The rain in Spain is mainly in the plain.

17a) thin thick theft thrift b) with

thump throb thin thus

thrill thrum thrill thud them

myth depth smith thug this

math tenth thug thrust that

thump theft depth myth then

kith filth smith cloth than

c) this – myth that – math with – filth

this – pith that – depth with – smith

this – throb that – thrill with – thrill

d) sick – thick zip – this dad – that

sin – thin zed – then dust – thus

silk – thrill Zen – then disk – this

mat – math tent – tenth den – then

tilt – filth kit – kith

18a) a'gain 'comma up'on a'gree suc'cess

a'go 'sofa un'less pro'pose 'algebra

to'day a'bout sug'gest o'pinion 'binary

a'gainst sa'lute un'like con'trol 'capital

b) a 'book, a 'house, a 'boy, a 'pen, a 'song, an 'end, a man, a dog, a club

Test yourself:zoom, ago, nurse, jest, ba'boon, 'traffic, foot, prize, ad'dress, 'comma, 'public, June, u'pon, jest, thrum, thug, 'hurry, crush, with, de'ny, pith, de'fy, em'bed, di'rect, breathe, re'cede, math, thrill, thus, in'flame, 'marry, mess, chum, 'family, ag'ree, theme, thick, happy, width, length, them, student, myth, story, rep`ly, gain, then, sixth, bathe, width.

UNIT 5

19. [ ks ] x- [ gz ] перед ударной гласной	next, text, vex, box, ex’cept, ex’pect, ’excellent, tax e'xam, e'xist, ex'ample, e'xact, e'xhibit [ ig’zibit ]
20. oi -[ oi ] oy	oil, point, boy, soil, noise, toy, coin, voice
21. kn-[ n ]	knee, knife, knock, knew, knell
22. ng- [ h ] nk-[ hk ] But: [ g ] 'single, 'finger, 'singular	English, ring, thing, bring, ink bank, wing, wrong, hang, rang, drink, length, strength, think
23. qu- [ kω ]	quick, quiz, quite, quote, quit
24. s, ss, sc- [ s ] s-[ z ] между гласными	bus, sense, miss, scent   ease, tease, please, his, noise

19 a) fix next fox b) ex'act

text six flax ex'hibit [ ig'zibit ]

ox box ax ex'aggerate [ ig'zædζ∂reit ]

mix Max e'xist [ ig'zist ]

examin'ation [ igzæmi'nei∫∂n ]

ex'ample [ ig'za:mpl ]

20 a) boy soil join noisy 'boiler

toy spoil joist poison 'boycott

joy toil moist 'roister point

troy oil voice 'toilet coin

21a) knit – knock knap – nap

knife – knave knick – Nick

knick – knack knell – Nell

knap – knag knack – snack

knot – knob knot – not

knell – knelt knife – wife

b) knap – nap c) knap – cat

knick – Nick knick – kick

knell – Nell knot – cot

knack – snack knock – cock

knot – not knave – cave

knag – nag knob – rob

knife – wife knoll – lot

knave – wave knelt – net

22a) sing – king gang – tang b) ink – link

ring – bring bang – sprang brink – clink

sling – fling lung – flung drink – think

spring – swing song – gong tank – thank

flank – frank

bunk – chunk

c) sing – sang – sung d) ink sang

ring – rang – rung link ping

cling – clang – clung bank strong

sting – stang – stung trunk bring

spring – sprang – sprung wink swing

fling – flang – flung

e) ran – rang – range j) sing – singe – inch – ink

ban – bang – bank bring – cringe – pinch – pink

tan – tang – tank stink – stank – stunk – stitch

tug – rung – trunk king – fringe – winch – wink

thin – thing – think drink – drank – drunk

sink – sank – sunk flung – flunge – hunch – hunk

lung – lunge – bunch – bunk

f) 'single

'finger

'singular

23a) quill – quilt

quick – quip

quiz – quint

quell – well

quest – west

24 a) is – his b) bus 'person add'ress

as – has release 'sense res'ponse

rose – nose case suc'cess

rise – noise sus'pense c) his – kiss bus – is

lose – close re'set his – hiss plus – is

zone – those 'mesa his – miss us – is

rise – prize cross

zoo – zoom rose

braze – maze close

Test yourself:next, exist, quip, knit, 'singular, knick, set, bang, trunk, voice, e'xaggerate, joy, knag, tang, single, moist, troy, thing, thank, sale, be'long, meeting, ring, song, kneel, knoll, exact, send, e'xample, ex'hibit, fix, sane, sake, scent, scene, close, prose, science, quiz, oil, ex`treme, quite, point, text, depth, re`sponse, strength, toy, ex`cept, knee, these, prize, thing, `liquid, noise, knave, spring, swing, quick, boil, trunk, box, coil, muse, ruse, 'useful, re'fuse, us, use, fuss, fuse, dis'cuss, un'less, size, is, rise, loose, sock, dis'close, dis'cuss, tease, com'pose.

UNIT 6

25. ea-[ e ]перед d, th	dead, bread, ready, feather, leather, head But: break [ 'breik ], great [ 'greit ], steak ['steik], create [ kri: 'eit ]
26. o-[ L ] перед m, n, th, v	'company, be'come, done, won, 'mother, glove, dove, some, 'cover, front, month, love, 'wonder, a'bove, 'other, come, 'money
27. ew - [ jυ: ] eu	new, few, knew, stew, mew, dew, pew, hew   'neutral, 'feudal, 'Euclid, 'Eugene, 'Europe
28. i+ld,nd- [ ai ]	grind, be'hind, mild, kind, blind, wild, find But: gild [ gild ], wind [ ωind ], [ ωaind ]
29. igh-[ ai ]	fight, light, might, night, high, right, bright sight, tight, to'night

25a) head – read – spread – thread – dead – dread

feather – weather – breath – death – stead – lead

b) heading – 'deadly c) a'head heal – head

spread – 'dreadful in'stead deal – dead

thread – steady be'head steal – stead

be'spread beat – breath

be'stread treat – thread

d) heed – head e) Whether the weather be fine,

deep – death Whether the weather be not,

breed – bread Whether the weather be cold,

breed – breath Or whether the weather be hot,

deed – dead We’ll weather the weather

reed – fleet Whatever the weather

Whether we like it or not.

26son come love wonder other cover become

won some dove mother another money London

front above glove brother month company

27 a) feud few grew rue – drew

deuce new crew due – dew

Zeus chew threw flue – flew

true – sue

b) 'neutral – 'newly 'Andrew – 'Lewis

'Newton – 'Euclid 'newish – a'new

'Eugene – 'Newton re'new – 'newal

28-29a) wild – child – mild

nigh – sigh – nigh – thigh

fight – night – tight – sight – might

slight – light – right – bright – plight

kind – mind – find – bind – blind – rind

b)file – fight mite – might will – wild pile – plight

style – sight tile – tight chill – child

Nile – night lime – light mill – mild

b) wink – wing – wind

brink – bring – bind

sink – fling – find

Test yourself: London, night, wind, light, cover, bread, front, new, front, become, 'ready, 'feudal, some, a'nother, won, great, blind, high, Nile, weather, plight, hew, a'bove, to'night, breath, dead, thread, child, high, 'Monday, dew, son, mind, light, come, right, few, bright, find, head, knew, dove, sight, de'light, fight, break, weather, other, done, mild, tight, feather, flew, wonder, might, breath.

UNIT 7

30. [ ∫ ] в словах ch- франц. происх. [ k ] в словах греч. происхождения	ma'chine, chef, Chi'cago, chimes, chic, champagne [ ∫æm'pein ] 'scholar, chrome, chorus, chloride, 'architect, scheme, school
31. гласные в ударном слоге читаются как в открытом слоге перед согласной + le	'stable, 'title, 'able, 'idle, 'maple, 'Bible, 'sable
32. ph- [ f ] в словах греческого происхождения	'physics, phi'losophy, 'telephone, 'phrase, 'photo, 'photgraph, 'telegraph, 'alphabet, 'graphic, psychology
33.a+ff, th-[ a: ]	'pather, 'father, 'bathroom, path
34.a+lm[ m ] a+ lf[ f ] [ a: ] -a+nce a+nch a+nt	palm, balm, salmon, calm calf, half, halves dance, glance, France, chance ranch, branch grant, plant, can’t, shan’t
35. ey - [ ei ] ei	grey, o'bey, they, veil
36. a+s+cогл.- [ a: ]	ask, task, fast, grasp, plaster, master, pass, class, task, grass, last, vast, last

30 machine, chef, Chicago, chimes, chrome, chlorite, scheme, chorus, 'architect, me'chanic, 'technical, 'character

31a) tape – table b) rifle sable cobble

state – stable stifle cable noble

cape – cable trifle table ogle

ape – able cycle stable fugle

babe – fable title Maple Bible

idle bridle

32phone phase 'phantom 'telegraph

phlok phrase Phillip 'atmosphere

Phipps photo phut 'alphabet

Phony phobia 'paragraph

33a) staff – chaff b) calm – palm calves – halves

aft – craft – shaft calm – charm leaf – leaves

bath – path – lath balm – palm life – lives

staff – bluff – fluff calf – half wife – wives

c) France – chance – dance – glance shunt – shan’t d) bat – bath

plant – grant – can’t – shan’t hunt – can’t lad – lath

branch – stanch – ranch – planch stuff – staff pat – path

cuff – chaff

34a) calm – palm task – talk mask – chalk bask – balk

calf – half balm – palm ask – chalk cask – stalk

calve – halve

35 a) grey fey b) same – they plane – feint

rein vein face – fey wave – vein

veil trey trace – trey crane – rein

they skein

feint lei

36a) class – pass – glass – grass – brass

ask – task – flask – bask – mask

fast – past – cast – vast – mast

b) past – pass – grasp

fast – glass – clasp

cast – class – gasp

last – grass – rasp

Test yourself: ma'chine, phlok, 'telephone, rein, 'technical, 'alphabet, chaff, halves, phrase, glance, staff, chef, 'chronicle, path, grey, cable, obey, palm, calm, fast, de'mand, me'chanics, 'character, plant, noble, scholar, stable, physics, graphics, they, pass, glass, fast, task, class, past, branch, bath, half, hey, stable, photo, idle, calm, palm, balm, calf, half, carves, halves, scarf.

UNIT 8

37. au - [ o: ] aw	'autumn, hawk, law, paw, draw, August, 'saucer, fault, dawn, maul, Paul, pawl, 'raucid, raw, saw, sawn, 'saunter, saucy, tawdry, taut, 'tawny, pause, vaunt, bawd, awful
38. lt a-[ o: ] ll lse lk[ k ]	'Baltic, chalk, palsy, palter, talk, walk, waltz, altar, alter, 'altering, bald, balk, 'balsam, chalk, 'falcon, falter, halt, also, 'almost, all
39. oar-[ o: ]	oar, boar, hoard, hoar, hoarse, coarse
40. au + gh-[ o: ] ou	caught, fought, nought, brought, thought, taught, sought, 'naughty, draught, ought
41. qua-[ kωo: ]	'quadrant, quad, 'quadral, quaff, 'quadrate, 'quarrel, 'quality, 'quantity, quant, quart, quartz, quash, 'quarry

37a) paw saw b) haunt – taunt c) 'August – 'aurrist

maw raw haunch – launch 'aura – 'aural

jaw yaw 'Mauna – jaunt 'austral – 'auburn

law caw 'awful – 'sawmill 'auto – 'autumn

claw slaw 'bawdy – 'sawder (n не читается)

taw thaw 'trawler – 'crawler

38 a) all – fall – small – tall – stall b) talk – chalk all – balk

call – ball – salt – small – false chalk – walk wall – walk

falling – calling – stalling – wall small – talk stall – stalk

salty – fallen – baldly – spall all – chalk call – chalk

stalk – balk

c) calm – palm calf – half carves – halves

calm – balm palm – half calf – scarf

39 board, coarse, hoarse, roar, boar, oar, hoard, hoar, soar

40a) ought fought draught

nought saught daughter

bought thought brought

b) fort – fought ought

sort – sought daughter

thorn – thought draught

north – naught caught

41 a) quad – squad b) quadrant c) quail quiet

quash – squash quadral quaint quill

gosh – quarrel quadrate quake 'quota

quality queen

qualifi'cation quick

Test yourself: auto,bauble, fault, 'quality, half, 'naughty, coarse, wall, alter, Paul, wash, fought, quart, ought, hoar, walk, 'saucer, 'August, 'quarrel, 'daughter, 'almost, 'Baltic, draw, 'quarter, auto'matic, cause, call, brought, thought, law, caught, false, quantity, hoard, quant, pause, bought, thought, quash, stall, chalk, author.

UNIT 9

42. er ir - [ ¶: ] в yrударном urслоге	herd, turn, skirt, sir, terse, dirty, serf, nerve, first, curd, purse, thirty, serf, girl, burst, spur, turtle, myrtle
43. eer - [ i¶ ] ear ere	cheer, beer, veer, steer, clear, ear, hear, near, fear, year, queer, deer, dear, merely, mere, sere, here But: were [ ω¶ ], [ ω¶: ]
44. ire - [ ai¶ ] yre	tired, mire, lyre, Shire, tyre, hire, sa'tire
45. ure-[ jυ: ]	lure, pure, cure, en'dure, se'cure
46.oor-[ υ¶ ]	moor, spoor, poor But:floor [ flo: ], door [do:]

42 a) her, ob'serve, 'verses, 'person, re'turn, merge, ab'surd, heard, re'serve

b) fur – 'further surd – 'surplus nurse – 'murder

fur – 'furnish Turk – 'Turkish surd – 'sturdy

fur – 'furnace turk – 'turnip urge – 'urgent

curl – 'curly purr – pure plur – lure

curt – cure 'purchase – 'turnover 'curtain – cure

occur – obs'cure fur – fure

c) thirst – third sir – 'circus first – firstly

firm – 'firman bird – birch dirt – dirty

[ ¶: ]

Read: I observed. I observed an absurd person. I observed the absurd person and I heard her. I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses. When I returned I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses.

43 a) deer beer sere sphere queer

ear near veer steer fear

Shear smear dear rear tear

Here mere spear hear clear

b) nearing, steering, fearing, rearing, clearing, cheering

44a) mire hire tire fire wiry wiring

spire sire quire byre miry firing

tyre pyre lyre squire hiring tiring

b) ad'mire at'tire de'sire

cons'pire re'spire ex'pire

re'quire in'spire re'tire

c) fine – fire type – tyre fir – fire

wide – wire site – sire sir – sire

hide – hire mile – mire bird – byre

spite – spire pipe – pyre birch – lyre

quite – quire ar'rive – ad'mire 'firman – 'fireman

45a) en'dure pure – purely

al'lure pure – purer

se'cure pure – purest

lure – luring

46a) poor – poorly b) cute – cure huge – pure

poor – poorer rule – poor mule – moor

poor – poorest plume – spoor

Test yourself:west, term, sphere, here, breeze, these, were, sere, chest, hem, stress, prefer, bed, germ, further, curtain, smart, burst, learn, pure, near, firm, turn, se'cure, wire, circle, hear, verb, cheer, curve, clear, spoor, cure, nerve, burn, re`tire, queer, fire, dirty, third, require, tyre, re'turn, dear, merge, poor, con'vert, ad'mire, hire, person, sir, fur, 'circuit, 'thermal, surface, university, early, 'thirsty.

UNIT 10

47. ar- [ a: ]	cart, hard, bar, large, yard, charm, harm, dark, star, bard, car
48. are- [ e¶ ]	rare, hare, care, square, stare, share, spare, bare, scare
49.air -[ e¶ ] eir	air, hair, fair, pair, chair, stair, dairy, fairy, their
50. or - [ o: ] ore	cord, fork, score, port, sport, more, born, core, store, short, sort, forty, ex'plore
51. wa-[ ωo ]	watch, want, wash, wand, wash, was, wander, water
52. war- [ ωo: ]	war, ward, warn, warm, re'ward
53. wor- [ ω¶: ]	word, worse, world, worst, 'worship, 'network

47-48 a) mar – mare dark – dare barn – bare

car – care spar – spare farm – fare

star – stare far – fare harm – hare

bar – bare charm – chair tar – tare

b) mate – mare wake – ware

crate – care rake – rare

state – stare bake – bare

shake – share fate – fare

c) far – car – bar – mar – tar – star

car – cart – barn – card – par – carp

part – start – tart – smart – cart – art

arm – farm – darn – barn – tarn – charm

d) cat – cart bad – bard fame – farm escape – scar

mat – smart match – march Dane – darn cape – carp

cap – cart cad – card shame – charm shape – sharp

bat – Bart dad – yard stake – stark spade – spar

e) calf – half half – harm calm – charm

calf – scarf balm – barn palm – farm

f) mare bare care dare fare share

air pair hair fair their careful

prepare parent hairy daring farewell careless

49a) fair – fairly pail – pair hail – hair air – airship

hair – hairless fail – fair air – aim pare – fairy

air – airless chain – chair stain – stair

b) they – their c) fair – fail dare – daring

they – there hair – hail stare – staring

they – where rare – rail share – sharing

where – there chair – chain care – caring

stair – stain pare – parent

air – aim flare – flaring

a) was – squash watt – wand

watch – wash want – squat

b) 'warmer – wormy work – worker c) 'farmer – warder

warder – worker wored – woredly 'former – warder

wardress – worthy worse – worser varnish – warship

warship – worship worst – worsen Cornish – warty

re'ward – reword worth – worthy [‘ω¶:ði] barman – wardress

a'ward – a word word – wordy corner – warmer

'farther – warmer corny – warship

d) tapper – taper – Tarter ladder – lazy – larder

chatter – chaser – charter manner – maker – market

panty – paper – partner

Test yourself:mare, charm, wormy, award, want, worst, forty, ex'plore, worse, store, share, watch, work, born, card, cord, world, more, far, hard, fair, forty, store, yore, York, porch, phone, are, sore, morning, code, core, harm, their, torn, forge, spore, scorch, far, barn, shake, fare, trade, tale, bag, Sam, dare, care, car, mate, smart, card, rare, fate, square, stare, shame, bart, yard, bare, ware, re'ward, re`port, walk, prepare, article, pair.