peripheral – a piece of equipment that is connected to the central processing unit of a computer system

personal computer – a computer designed to be used by one person at a time

P-frame – the common name for a predicted frame in an MPEG compressed file

Photoshop – an image-editing computer program produced by Adobe Systems Inc.

piggybacking – a computer crime that involves using another person's identification code or using that person's files before he or she has logged off

PIN – an acronym for personal identification number. A unique number used by electronic systems to indicate who a person is.

platform – distinctive type of computer system that needs software to be written specifically for it, e.g. PC, Apple Mac, etc.

PlayStation – a games console developed by the Sony Corporation

POP – acronym for post office protocol

portable (computer) – a computer that is small and light enough to be carried from place to place. It can usually be powered by batteries

post – to display a message in a computer newsgroup or bulletin board

post office protocol – a message-retrieval protocol used by many mail clients to get messages from a server. It only allows you to download all messages in your mailbox at once and works in 'pull' mode, i.e. the receiving PC initiating the connection.

primary disk drive – the main disk drive in a computer. In a PC this is usually a hard disk known as the С drive.

Print Screen – the computer keyboard key that copies the current display screen image to memory or to the printer

printed circuit board – an electronic board that holds and connects the components of an electronic circuit

printer – a common output device used for printing the output of a computer on paper

procedural language – a computer programming language that enables programs to be written using sections of code known as procedures. Each procedure performs a specific task.

processor – the part of a computer that processes the data

program – a set of instructions written in a computer language that control the behaviour of a computer; to write a set of instructions for controlling a computer using a computer language

programmer – a person who writes computer programs

programming – the processes of writing a computer program using a computer language

programming language – a computer language used for writing computer programs

protocol – a set of agreed standards

pseudocode – a way of writing a description of a computer program using a mixture of natural language and computer language code

pull-down menu – a list of choices that appear below a menu title on a display screen when the user clicks on the menu title using a mouse

RAM – acronym for random access memory

random access memory – a type of memory that can be accessed in any order. RAM is the main electronic memory of a personal computer and is used for storing the programs and data being used

real-time – the immediate processing of computer data enabling interactive applications

reboot – to restart a computer operating system

record – a section of a database made up of related database fields

recorder (program) – a computer program that allows the user to create their own audio CDs with a writeable CD-ROM drive

Recycle Bin – the folder in Microsoft Windows operating systems where deleted files are stored

resolution – a measure of the quality of a display screen in terms of the amount of graphical information that can be shown on the screen. This partly depends on the number of dots that make up the image.

resolution protocol – a set of standards for software used with internal look-up tables in a TCP/IP network for routing data through a gateway between networks

restore – to put data back into its original location

rip – to extract songs from a CD and turn them into WAV files

ripper – a program that extracts songs from a CD and turns them into WAV files

robot – a mechanical device controlled by a computer

robotics – the study of robot systems

ROM – acronym for read only memory

route – the path that is used to transfer data in a network; to move data from node to node on a network

router – an electronic device that links different networks or parts of a network. It determines the path that a signal should take to reach its destination

run – to execute a program, i.e. to get a program to process the data

salami shaving – a computer crime that involves manipulating programs or data so that small amounts of money are deducted from a large number of transactions or accounts and accumulated elsewhere

SAN – acronym for storage area network. A high-speed interconnection of shared storage devices

save – to copy a program or data to a storage device

scan – to copy text or graphics using a scanner

scanner – an optical input device that uses the reflection of light to copy text or graphics into a computer

(monitor)(display) screen – a computer output device used for displaying text and graphic images

scroll – to move through displayed information smoothly on the screen either horizontally or vertically

scrollbar – the part of a graphical user interface window that allows the user to move through a document by clicking or dragging with the mouse

SCSI – acronym for small computer systems interface. A standard way of connecting peripheral devices to a personal computer system. It is often used to connect hard disks and CD-ROM drives in server computers.

SDRAM – abbreviation for synchronous dynamic random access memory. A type of fast memory that uses a separate clock signal in addition to the normal control signals.

search engine – a program designed to find information on the World Wide Web according to data entered by the user. Search engines are usually accessed from special websites

segment – a subdivision of data created by a network communications transport layer for which a checksum is generated

server – a main computer that provides a service on a network

server farm – a large collection of networked server computers that work together by sharing the service workload

service tag number – a number used to identify a computer for maintenance agreements

shareware – software that is distributed freely and only paid for if the user decides to keep it

shell – a graphical user interface for an operating system

shell script – a text file that contains a sequence of commands for a UNIX-based operating system. In DOS operating systems a shell script is called a batch file.

shift key – the computer keyboard key that is held down to produce uppercase letters

signup – to register with a service

simple mail transfer protocol – a set of standards for sending email from an email client and transferring email between server computers on the Internet

simulation – a programmed virtual environment that imitates a real or planned system

site – a common name for a website

sitemap – a webpage that is used to show the overall layout of a website

smart card – a plastic card containing a processor and memory chip. It can be used to store large amounts of confidential data.

smart card reader – a device used for reading smart cards

smart device – a device that contains an embedded processor and memory

smart phone – a telephone that contains an embedded processor and memory and can process data, e.g. translate English into German, Japanese and French in real time

SMS – abbreviation for Short Message Service. A method of sending text messages that are 160 characters in length or shorter over a mobile phone

SMTP – abbreviation for simple message transfer protocol

software – the programs and data used in a computer

software engineering – the discipline of designing high quality software solutions

software house – a company that designs and produces software

software piracy – a computer crime that involves unauthorised copying of a program for sale or distributing to other users

source code – programming code that has to be processed by a compiler or translator to make object code for use in a computer

spam – unsolicited email sent to large numbers of people indiscriminately usually advertising or trying to sell a product

spreadsheet (program) – a type of application program with an array of cells that is used for calculating formulas

SQL – abbreviation for structured query language. A language used for searching databases.

standard generalized markup language – the complex metalanguage from which both HTML and XML were created

status bar – a narrow band displayed across the bottom of a window in a Microsoft Windows application to display useful information for the user, e.g. number of pages in a document

stealth virus – a type of virus that hides itself making it hard to detect

storage device – a piece of equipment used for reading from and writing to a storage medium

storage medium – a material used for storing programs and data

streaming – a process of downloading and storing the next part of a data signal while the first part is being used. In this way the data signal, e.g. an audio or video is fed to the slower destination device at a steady rate.

string – a series of data characters which can be a mixture of letters or numbers

striping – a process where data is spread across all drives in a RAID array rather than filling up one disk with data before writing to the next disk in the array

structured language – a computer programming language that requires the programmer to write programs made up of self-contained units or procedures

structured programming – the process of writing a program using a structured programming language

subfolder – a storage area that provides a subdivision of a folder so that stored files can be organised into smaller groups

submenu – a list of choices that is displayed when the user clicks on an item in a menu

sub-network – a self-contained part of a larger network

subpage – a webpage that gives further detailed information about part of the information on a main webpage

supercomputer – the most powerful type of mainframe computer

supervisor (program) – the most important program in the operating system. It is resident and controls the entire operating system. It loads other operating system programs into memory when they are needed

support analyst –a person who provides help to computer users by studying their requirements and designing systems to provide for their needs

support engineer – a professional who provides help for computer users by designing, building, and maintaining computer systems

support technician – a person who maintains and troubleshoots problems with computers

surf – to browse webpages on the Internet in an unplanned way

surge protector – an electronic device that protects equipment from damage due to sudden high voltage or current in the power supply

swipe card – a plastic card with a magnetic strip running across it containing confidential data

synchronise – to cause different processes to occur at the same time

synchronous – occurring at regular intervals and in step with other systems usually controlled by an electronic clock circuit

synthesiser – a device that uses electronic circuits to generate sounds

system tray – a section at the far right of a Microsoft Windows task bar that holds icons for the clock and other programs that run constantly in the background

systems administrator – a person who maintains a multi-user computer system

systems analysis – the study of a system to determine how it can be computerised

systems analyst – a person who designs or modifies information systems to meet users' requirements. This includes investigating feasibility and cost-producing documentation and testing prototypes of the system.

systems manager – a person who manages a computer system

systems program – a program or set of programs that is used to control the basic functions of a computer system, e.g. operating system programs

systems programmer – a person who specialises in writing systems software such as operating system programs

systems programming – the writing of systems programs

tab – the computer keyboard key that is used to move the cursor to the next tabulation point in a wordprocessor program so that data can be spaced evenly on the screen

tag – a label used in a markup language such as HTML. It is attached to a piece of text to mark the start or the end of a particular function.

TCP – abbreviation for transfer control protocol. A part of the TCP/IP protocol used on the Internet.

TCP/IP – abbreviation for transmission control protocol/Internet protocol. The official set of standards for determining the form of the signals used for transmitting data on the Internet.

technophobic – having a fear or strong dislike of technology and technological devices

telecommunications – branch of technology concerned with communications over long distances

telecommunications engineer – a person who works with systems concerned with communications over long distances

telecommute – to communicate with your office by computer, telephone and fax while working a distance from your office, e.g. at home

telephony – the science of audio communication through electric devices. It commonly refers to software that will make a computer act like a telephone.

teleworking – the process of working at home while communicating with your office by computer, telephone and fax. See telecommute.

teller machine – a machine used for taking payments in large shops and supermarkets

telnet – acronym for teletype network. An Internet service that allows a user to connect to a multi-user server using a computer as a terminal.

terminal adapter – a device for connecting an ISDN system to an existing telephone line

text editor – a computer program for editing basic data or program text, i.e. like a basic wordprocessor

TFT display – abbreviation for thin film transistor display. A type of LCD screen display commonly used in portable computers. It uses a separate transistor to control each pixel on the display.

thin client – a low-cost centrally-managed basic computer with a keyboard and display screen processor and memory but no CD-ROM drive, floppy disk drive or expansion slots, e.g. a NetPC or a network computer (NC)

third-generation GSM – the third generation of the Global System for Mobile communication standard. It is the standard for mobile users around the world.

track – a formatted circular magnetic storage area on a computer disk

traffic – the volume of signals or data that passes through a network system

transaction processing – the processing of computer transactions by updating the computer file as each transaction takes place rather than storing them until later to be processed as a batch

transceiver – short form of transmitter/receiver. A device that both sends and receives signals

transmission control protocol – a set of standards for the delivery of error-free data in communications between computers. It comes into operation once a data packet is delivered to the correct Internet address and application port. It manages the communication exchanges and provides reliable stream service by structuring and buffering the data flow looking for responses and taking action to replace missing data blocks.

transponder – a device that responds to received coded radio signals by automatically transmitting a different coded signal

trapdoor – a technique used in a computer crime that involves leaving within a completed program an illicit program that allows unauthorised - and unknown - entry

Trojan (horse) – a technique used in a computer crime that involves adding concealed instructions to a computer program so that it will still work but will also perform prohibited duties. In other words it appears to do something useful but actually does something destructive in the background.

troubleshoot – to find and fix faults in a system

troubleshooter – a person who finds and fixes faults in a system

TTS – abbreviation for text to speech. A system where a computer reads text to the user using a speech synthesiser

tuned – set to operate on the same frequency

twisted-pair (cabling) – a common type of network cable that uses two wires twisted together to reduce interference from external signals

UDP – abbreviation for user datagram protocol

undo – to restore a file to the condition it was in before the last change was made

Unix – a popular multi-user multitasking operating system originally designed for mainframe computers.

update – change that provides the latest version; to bring up to date, i.e. to change into the latest version

upgrade – a change that improves the features or performance of a system; to add components to improve the features or performance of a system

upload – to copy a file from a client computer to a server in a network

URL – abbreviation for uniform (or universal) resource locator

USB – abbreviation for universal serial bus. A connector interface standard for attaching peripheral devices to a computer

Usenet – an Internet service that allows users to communicate by means of newsgroups

user datagram protocol – a set of standards for creating a data address in a TCP/IP message. It is used to indicate what application the message is supposed to contact and provides the final routing for the data within the receiving system

user-authentication system – a system that identifies users. This can be done using digital certificates.

username – the network account name assigned to a particular user

utility – a program included with an operating system that can perform useful common routine tasks or housekeeping operations, e.g. foi matting disks or copying files

UTMS – abbreviation for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

VDU – abbreviation for visual display unit.

video memory – the memory used to store graphics ata or a graphics card

videoconferencing – a form of communication over a network that uses video cameras so that the people taking part can see and hear each other

virtual – computer-simulated enabling the user to experience something without needing its physical presence

virtual reality – a simulated three-dimensional environment that surrounds the user and is generated by a computer

virus – a program written with the purpose of causing damage or causing a computer to behave in an unusual way

Visual Basic – a general-purpose programming language with a graphical interface. It is particularly suitable for use by beginners learning how to program

visualisation technology – systems and devices used to create a virtual reality environment

VMS – an operating system used by DEC VAX minicomputers

voice clip – a short sound recording of the human voice

voice recognition – a system that can respond to words spoken by a human being

voice synthesiser – an electronic device that generates sounds that represent the human voice

VoIP – abbreviation for voice over Internet protocol. A set of standards for enabling phone calls to be made across the Internet.

VR – abbreviation for virtual reality

wallpaper – the background graphics on a Microsoft Windows desktop

WAP – acronym for wireless application protocol. A set of standards for allowing users to send emails and access information including video transmissions from the Internet on a mobile phone

Web address – the Internet address of a webpage

Web developer – a person who is employed to create websites

Web mail – a type of email that is accessed from webpages

Webserver – a server computer that stores and provides access to websites

Web space – disk storage space on a web server used for storing webpages

Webmaster – a person who administeis a Web server

Webpage – a hyperlinked document in a web network system

web-ready appliances protocol – a set of standards for enabling domestic appliances to be connected to the Web and to communicate with each other

website – a set of related pages on the World Wide Web

WiFi – abbreviation for Wireless Fidelity. A set of standards for radio-based wireless networks

window – rectangular screen area containing a program folder or file in a WIMP system

(Microsoft) Windows – a graphical user interface operating system developed by the Microsoft Corporation. It has been gradually developed into a full operating system.

Windows Explorer – a Microsoft Windows program that allows the user to see the files and folders on all the disks attached to the computer. It can be used for general housekeeping such as moving or deleting files.

wipe – to delete all the files stored on a disk

wirelessly – using radio signals without the need for connecting wires or cables

wireless network – the interconnection of computers using signals carried through the air (usually radio waves) instead of through connecting cables

WLAN – abbreviation for wireless local area network. A network that uses radio waves to connect computers in a small area

WML – abbreviation for wireless markup language. A language similar to HTML used for designing webpages suitable for mobile phones

(Microsoft) Word – a widely-used word processing program developed by the Microsoft Corporation. It is a component of the Microsoft Office package.

wordprocessing – the process of typing and editing text using a wordprocessor

wordprocessor – a type of computer application program used for typing and editing text documents

workstation – a powerful desktop computer used by power users for work that requires a lot of processing, e.g. graphic design

World Wide Web – an information service on the Internet that allows document pages to be accessed using hyperlinks

worm – a program that performs unwanted actions and replicates itself across a network

WRAP – acronym for Web-ready appliances protocol. A set of communications system standards that enable web-connected appliances to communicate

X (windowing) (system) – a windowing system used with different versions of Unix

XML – abbreviation for extensible markup language

Yahoo – the name of a popular Internet search engine website

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

1. Английский язык: Основы компьютерной грамотности: учеб. пособие / В.А. Радовель. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2005.

2. Маркушевская Л.П. Computer in use / Л.П. Маркушевская, Л.И. Буханова, О.И. Савенкова. – СПб: СПбГУ ИГТМО, 2010.

3. Миньяр-Белоручева А.П. Англо-русские обороты научной речи: метод. пособие / А.П. Миньяр-Белоручева. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2009.

4. Смирнова Т.В. English for Computer Science Students: учеб. пособие / Т.В. Смирнова. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2001.

5. Тесты по английскому языку для студентов технических вузов: учеб. пособие / С.А. Хоменко, В.Ф. Скалабан, Н.Е. Ковшик, А.И. Гресь / под общ. ред. С.А. Хоменко, В.Ф. Скалабан. – Мн.: Амалфея, 2003.

6. Рябцева Н.Л. Научная речь на английском языке. Словарь оборотов и сочетаемости общенаучной лексики: Новый словарь справочник активного типа (на английском языке) / Н.К. Рябцева. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2002.

7. Boeckner K., Brown C.P. Oxford English for Computing. Oxford University Press, 1993.

8. Brieger N. Technical Contacts. Cambridge, 2002.

9. Brown P., Mullen N. English for Computer Science. Oxford University Press, 1987.

10. Dimetriades D. Information Technology. Worskhop. Oxford University Press, 2003.

11. Glendinning Eric H., McEwan John. Oxford English for Information Technology. Oxford University Press, 2006.

12. Martin Е. Computer English. Penguin, 2001.

13. Professional English in Use. ICT. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

14. Infotech English for Computer Users. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

15. http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventions/a/google.htm

16. http://www.alleng.ru/engl-top/002.htm

17. http://www.computeruser.com/

18. http://www.computeractive.co.uk/

19. http://www.cambridge.org/elt/ict

20. http://www.sciencedaily.com/

21. http://www.youtube.com/

22. http://www.it-certifications.com/

23. http://www.buzzle.com/articles

24. http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/

25. http://www.microsoft.com/learning/