Mass Travel

Mass travel could not really begin to develop until two things occurred.

a) Improvements in technology allowed the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest.

b) Greater numbers of people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time. A major development was the invention of the railways, which brought many of Britain's seaside towns within easy distance of Britain's urban centres.

The father of modern mass tourism was Thomas Cook who, on 5 July 1841, organized the first package tour in history, by chartering a train to take a group of temperance campaigners from Leicester to a rally in Loughborough, some twenty miles away. Cook immediately saw the potential for business development in the sector, and became the world's first tour operator.

He was soon followed by others, with the result that the tourist industry developed rapidly in early Victorian Britain. Initially it was supported by the growing middle classes, who had time off from their work, and who could afford the luxury of travel and possibly even staying for periods of time in boarding houses.

 

Перечитайте текст, сосредоточив внимание на его важнейших деталях, и выполните нижеследующие задания.

7.1. Выберите правильные варианты ответов на поставленные вопросы (на каждый вопрос – только один правильный ответ).

1. When did cultural tourism develop into leisure and health tourism?

a) in the 19^th century

b) before the 19^th century

c) in the beginning of the 20^th century

d) not until the 18^th century

e) not until the 20^th century

 

2. In what country was leisure travel invented?

a) in France

b) in Russia

c) in Britain

d) in Spain

e) in the USA

 

3. What social groups initially were not offered time for leisure?

a) working masses

b) the owners of the machinery of production

c) the economic oligarchy

d) the factory owners

e) the traders

 

4. When did the first packaged winter sports holidays take place?

a) in 1864

b) in 1903

c) in 1930

d) in 1964

e) in 1846

 

5. Who was the father of modern mass tourism?

a) James Cook

b) Thomas Cook

c) Adam Smith

d) Thomas Smith

e) Thomas Leicester

 

Заполните таблицу, предоставив краткие сведения об истории возникновения каждого вида туризма, упомянутого в тексте.

	TYPE OF TOURISM	DEVELOPMENT HISTORY
	Leisure tourism
	Health tourism
	Winter tourism
	Mass tourism

7.3. Определите, истинно или ложно каждое из нижеперечисленных утверждений (относительно текста). Пометьте каждое предложение как “T (true)” или “F (false)”. Откорректируйте ложные утверждения.

1. Some English travellers, after visiting the warm lands of the South of Asia, decided to stay there either for the cold season or for the rest of their lives.

2. The postindustrial society was the first society to offer time for leisure to a growing number of people.

3. The British origin of leisure tourism is reflected in many place names.

4. Even winter sports were largely invented by the British leisured classes.

5. Organized sport was well established in Britain before it reached other countries.

6. The first package tour in history was organized on 5 July 1841.

7. The tourist industry developed rapidly in early Georgian Britain.

 

Дайте развернутые ответы на поставленные вопросы, опираясь на содержание текста.

1. When did cultural tourism develop into leisure and health tourism?

2. What did some English travelers decide to do after visiting the warm land of the South of Europe?

3. Why did people begin visiting places with mineral waters?

4. Why was the leisure travel a British invention?

5. Who did leisure travel apply to first? Why?

6. In which way the British origin of the travel industry is

7. When and where was winter tourism invented?

8. Who invented winter tourism?

9. What were the Swiss used to do in winter?

10. When was the first winter packaged tour established?

 

Подготовьте развернутые высказывания (от 25 развернутых предложений) в ответ на вопросы, заданные ниже. Задание, помеченное звездочкой, выполнять не обязательно.

1. Are you keen on leisure tourism? Where and how would you like to spend your next vacation if you had an opportunity?

2.* If you happen to know any foreigners, ask them about leisure travel destinations that are the most popular with different social groups in their country. Share everything you have found out with the group/instructor.