Remedies for Hecklers— Never lose your temper or return abuse — Deal with hecklers firmly but politely — Use your stage space wisely
PUTTING IT TOGETHER We have learned to deal with our speaking anxieties. These fears are normal and occur in both beginner and professional presenters. The important thing is to use the energy generated by your anxieties to add enthusiasm and vigor to your presentation. Being well prepared enables you to pay attention to the audience. This lets you know when to vary your presentation by using attention-getting devices or by changing the pace, volume, or speed of your voice.
5.Speaker's Self-Evaluation Form Presenter: Topic/Speech Type: Thesis:. Purpose: Audience:
Plan for Improvement:
Part III
Обязательным условием плодотворной научной встречи является умение участников воспринимать информацию на слух. Являясь одним из видов речевой деятельности, этот навык формируется во взаимосвязи с другими се видами – навыками чтения, письма, говорения (reading, writing, speaking). Предварительная работа по чтению научной литературы по теме исследования, работа над составлением письменного текста доклада – это начальный этап формирования навыка восприятия на слух на научной встрече (prelistening work). В настоящем руководстве ставится задача дать некоторые общие рекомендации, выполнение которых поможет сформировать этот навык. Не нужно забывать, что научиться слушать можно только слушая, а это большое поле для индивидуальной работы. Мы надеемся, что полезной окажется предлагаемая форма для оценивания участника встречи как слушателя (Listener Evaluation Sheet).
1. Listening Comprehension Clear communication results from a partnship between the listener and the speaker. The speaker must value the listener and want to convey his or her ideas dearly. The listener must value the speaker and must want to understand the speaker's message. Foreign language students often get upset when they hear a word they do not know. This reaction is damaging to comprehension, because it temporarily, turns off the mind, so that the listener cannot hear the next words. Your listening comprehension will be greatly improved when you learn to accept «blank spots» calmly knowing that the idea may come clearly anyway. The words you miss may not be really important. If they arc important, you may be able to guess their meaning from the words that follow. To listen effectively, we must show interest in both (lie topic and the speaker. We show interest through our body language by: — maintaining an appropriate distance — eye contact — listening posture — avoiding unnecessary movements and noises
2. Ask Questions when Necessary to listen effectively Questions are a most important tool of a listener, because they can be used to:
– Clarify information E.g.: What did you mean by ______________? – Obtain additional information or examples E.g.: Can you give me an example? – Encourage communication (not limiting it) E.g.: Tell me about __________________? What do you think about _________________? – Show interest E.g.: That's really a good point. What made you think of that? – Provide feedback to the speaker E.g.: Yes, you are right. – Summarize thoughts E.g.: Is your overall idea ____________? Can we summarize what you said by saying _______________? – Confirm understandings E.g.: Let's make sure I understand you. Did you say _________________? The secret of effective communication is the ability to ask appropriate questions.
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