Ex. 3. Look at picture 1 and using your knowledge of anatomy translate the medical terms of the muscular system.

Muscle Tissues

Muscle is composed of elongated cells which have the power of contracting or reducing their length. This property of contraction is ultimately a molecular phenomenon and is due to the presence of protein molecules which can stretch out or shorten. The following three types of muscle occur in the body.

Smooth muscle is found in sheet or tubes forming the wall of many hollow or tubular organs, for example the bladder, the intestines or blood vessels. The cells forming this tissue are long spindles with a central oval nucleus. They are usually packed together with a little connective tissue between them.Striated muscle is found in masses of various shapes usually directly or indirectly attached to bone and forms the fleshy party of the body. It is composed of cylindrical fibers often of great length in which separate cells cannot be distinguished. Many small nuclei are found in the fibers and lie just under the surface. Fibrils are present running lengthwise along the muscle fibers and show alternate light and dark bands which give an appearance of striations across it. Bundles of fibers form the muscle which is embedded in connective tissue.

Cardiac muscle which is found only in the heart forms the bulk of its substance and resembles striated muscle except that the nuclei are placed centrally. The fibers form a continuous network but each cell functions as separate unit.

These three types of muscle have different types of action as follows:

Smooth muscle cells act in conjunction with one another though influenced by nerves, can function when they have no connection with the central nervous system. They contract slowly but can maintain this contraction for long periods.

Striated muscle, on the other hand, contracts quickly, rapidly becomes fatigued and has no function unless it is connected through nerves with the central nervous system.

Cardiac muscle has the power of rhythmical spontaneous contraction which is affected by nervous influences but carries on independently of its nervous connection.

3.3. Рекомендована література:

Основна: Козырева Л. Г. «Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ: учебное пособие / Л. Г Козырева, Т. В. Шад­ская. — Изд. 7-е. — Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2007.

Допоміжна: С.А.Тылкина «Пособие по английскому языку» М:1985 ст.57

3.4. Орієтновна карта для самостійної роботи з літературою з даної теми:

№п/п	Основні завдання	Вказівки	Відповіді
	- засвоїти лексику; перекласти текст; - дати відповіді на запитання; - виконати завдання.

3.5. Матеріали для самоконтролю:

Exercise 2. Make up a pian of the text.

Exercise 3. Choose sentences about the differences in muscles structure.

Exercise 4. Put sentences in the correct order.

1. Bundles of fibers form the muscle which is embedded in connective tissue. 2. Cardiac muscle has the power of rhythmical spontageous contraction. 3. The following three types of muscle occur in the body. 4. Striated muscle is found in masses of various shapes. 5. Smooth muscle is found in sheet or tubes forming the wall of many hollow or tubular organs. 6. Muscle is composed of elongated cells.

 

3.6. Вправи. Завдання

VI. Література:

Основна: Козырева Л. Г. «Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ: учебное пособие / Л. Г Козырева, Т. В. Шад­ская. — Изд. 7-е. — Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2007.

Допоміжна: С.А.Тылкина «Пособие по английскому языку» М:1985 ст.57

 

Chapter 5

Тема: The Muscular System. Словообразование: Prefix -self. Грамматика: Past Participle (P II), ed-forms. Правило перевода предложений с whether (if)

1.

Class work.

Ex. 1. Analyze the words structurally. Translate the words.

Self-defense, self-control, self-love, self-healing, self-treatment, self-help, self-service, self-sufficient.

Ex. 2. Analyze the functions of the Past Participle (P II) and translate the sentences.

A.

1. The prescribed medicine controlled allergy.

2. The medicine prescribed controlled allergy.

3. The patient retreated achieved good results.

4. The drug administered caused kidney failure.

5. Alcohol taken increased the toxity of barbiturates by more than 50%.

6. Many medicines taken after meals decreased their effect.

7. The degree to which caffeine stimulates an individual depends on the amount taken and the development of tolerance.

8. The help needed was performed immediately.

9. The self-reported symptoms were the same in all patients.

B.

1. When treated with antibiotics the patients felt better.

2. Back pain when occurred was reaction on the injection.

3. Acute diseases if not treated in time may become chronic.

4. If untreated the condition may progress to pulmonary emboli.

5. If not operated immediately your appendix may rupture.

6. If identified soon enough, the infective agent can be controlled with antimicrobial therapy.

 

Ex. 3. Look at picture 1 and using your knowledge of anatomy translate the medical terms of the muscular system.