| | □ A The presence of discrete episodes of hypomania or mania is not necessary for the diagnosis of BD
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| | □ B Current models of bipolarity focus exclusively on manic-depressive illness
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| | □ C Unlike bipolar II disorder (BD-II), bipolar I disorder (BD-I) is a serious psychiatric condition associated with significant suffering, disability, risk of suicide, and societal cost
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| | □ D In the ‘bipolar spectrum’ model, increasing manic symptom load ranges from ‘pure’ unipolar depression to subthreshold bipolarity, BD-2, and BD-1
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Your patient is a 32-year-old woman thought to have BD. Based on the review by Dr. Kuiper and colleagues, which of the following statements about patterns of limbic activity and cortical activity in BD is most likely correct?
| | □ A The amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus appear to be underactive in BD
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| | □ B Striatal reactivity is increased, particularly to emotional stimuli and reward
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| | □ C Activity of inferior prefrontal cortex is increased
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| | □ D Activity is increased in the lingual gyrus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
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Based on the review by Dr. Kuiper and colleagues, which of the following statements about differentiation of various types of BD from one another and from other psychiatric conditions would most likely be correct?
| | □ A Increased limbic reactivity is highly specific for BD
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| | □ B Increased striatal reactivity, particularly to emotional stimuli and reward, may differentiate BD from major depressive disorder (MDD)
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| | □ C Decreased activity of the inferior prefrontal cortex, including VLPFC and part of OFC, is more prominent in MDD and BPD than in mania
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| | □ D Temporal cortical activation is increased in BPD but not in bipolar mania
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