Theoretical items for independent personal consideration1. The text information category. 2. Factual and conceptual information in the text content. The notion of '^plication.
1. Борисова Л. В. Практическое пособие по интерпретации тек ста. - Минск, 1987. - С. 80-93, 10-46. 2. Долинин К. А. Интерпретация текста (фр. яз.). - М., 1985 - г 4-142. 3. Пелевина Н. Ф. Стилистический анализ художественного тек-ста. - М., 1980. - С. 184-187, 229-234. Independent personal work 4 Phonetics, Etc. Note: Measuring the rhythm of stressed and unstressed syllables alternation can be realized in the following metrical feet: trochee - / S /• IS /• IS\IS\IS\I Monday, morning, thunder; Spider lumbers down the web iamb - V / • /•/•/•/•/j*»'7| •/■]•/(•/ alive, astir, before, restart; The moon shines bright in such a night as this dactyl - / S S /SS/SS/SS/SS\/SS\/SS\/ Saturday, favourite, delegate; Merrily, merrily he will live now anapaest - S V/ SS/SS/SS/SS/\SS/\SS/\SS/\S interrupt, guarantee, overlook; He was free. Was he happy? The question is absurd amphibrach- V / У • /••/••/••/•)•/•!•/• umbrella, emergence, botanic; We call it the bottom of hardships spondee - // /_/-/_/-|/_|// get up, maintain, jump on; He will read this, strong wish (Scansion is defining the number of metrical feet within a line of verse: e a. monometer (one foot), dimeter (2), trimeter (3), tetrameter (4), pentameter (5), hexameter (6), heptameter (7), octometer (8), etc.) Item 1 The Tyger by William Blake Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare seize the fire? And what shoulder, & what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat. What dread hand? & what dread feet? What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp? When the stars threw down their spears, And water'd heaven with their tears, Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
1. Apply the notions of style, norm, context, image to this poem. 2. Define a) the basic theme; b) the central idea of the piece of verse 3. What do the pronoun forms "thy", "thine", "thee" stand for? tyb. layer of vocabulary do they belong to? Specify. Is there any rnorphologiCai transposition? 4. Comment on the graphic means in the following: "Tyger", &, water'd Do they also speak of poetic diction? 5. Whom does the author imply by the pronouns "he ", "his "? Say whether the questions are rhetoric and if they are directed to only one image? What effect does all this questioning produce? 6. State whether the pronounced with exclamation word "Tyger!" js direct address or a nominative sentence. What kind of repetition is this: "Tyger!" "Tyger!"? Does this variant of repetition help to understand the expressed emotion and attitude? What is expressed in this exclamation -fear, excitement, regret, joy, amazement, or any other feeling? 7. Does the poem contain any elliptical parts, or are those enumerated word combinations joined asyndetically? 8. Analyse the rhythm of the poem. 9. Define the type of rhyme: a) couplets/ triple/ cross rhyme/ framing; b) broken/ identical/ eye rhyme; c) single (masculine or male)/ double (feminine or female)/ treble (triple or tumbling). Point out instrumentation means (alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia).
10. Analyse the kind and contextual essence of metaphoric expressions in the poem. 11. Decide and explain whether the tone of the poem is casual/ sympathetic/ cheerful/ serious/ humorous/ mock-serious/ lyrical/ dramatic/ excited/ agitated/ passionate/ impassive/ detached/ matter-of-fact/ dry/ impartial/ melancholy/ moralising/ unemotional/ pathetic/ sarcastic/ ironical/ sneering/ bitter/ reproachful, etc. What effect is produced by the following words: burning, immortal, fearful, fire, dare and dread (repeated several times), hammer, chain, furnace, deadly terrors, tears? 12. Analyse the stylistic essence of the utterance "Did he smile his work to see?" State the type and function of the stylistic device in the sentence "Did he who made the Lamb make thee (the Tyger)?"; 13. The first four lines of the poem are repeated at the end of it. What kind of repetition is this? What effect does it produce? What does the substitution of "dare" for "could" in the fourth repeated line aim at? 14. Explain how the form of image presentation helps to perceive the ithor's attitude and the philosophic consideration. Item 2 The Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Gentlemen: Why is it that your switch engine has to ding and fizz and spit and pant and grate and grind and puff and bump and chug and hoot and toot and whistle and wheeze and howl and clang and growl and thump and clash and boom and jolt and screech and snarl and snort and slam and throb and roar and rattle and hiss and yell and smoke and shriek all night long when I come home from a hard day at the boiler works and have to keep the dog quiet and the baby quiet so my wife can squawk at me for snoring in my sleep?
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