Vocabulary List. – to embrace – содержать, охватывать

– to embrace – содержать, охватывать

– to define – характеризовать, определять

– to involve – включать в себя, содержать

– craft – ремесло, профессия, мастерство

– erection – возведение, сооружение

– to ensure – гарантировать, обеспечивать, страховать

– urban – городской

– additive – добавочный

– spine – главный

– comb – гребенчатый

– grid – в виде сетки, решетки

– an access – доступ, подход

– a layout – комплект, группа, схема, формат

– a tract – полоса, участок, пространство

– to reveal – показывать, открывать

– scope – просторы, границы, масштаб

– an agglomerate – агломерат, скопление

– a brewery – пивоваренный завод

– a workshop – мастерская, цех

– to attach – прикреплять

􀀉 Answer the following questions.

1. What are the main three phases of constructional development?

2. When did the Industrial Revolution take place?

3. The great changes in industry called for new solutions in building, didn’t they?

4. What types of structures do you know?

5. Should the architect or an engineer act as a structuring, controlling figure while fulfilling his role as a designer?

􀀉 Find the English equivalents in the text.

Широкий круг, производство товаров, выработка энергии, многоэтажные здания, мебельная фабри-

ка, включать в себя, в этом случае, достигать совершенных условий труда, в сравнении, хотя, распола-

гаться на двух этажах, максимальная степень гибкости.

􀀉 Give synonyms.

To embrace, a construction, to identify, a multi-storey structure, to convey energy, to complement, to replace,

an application, a ring, a store.

􀀉 True or false?

1. It is not difficult to define industrial buildings typologically.

2. In the middle of the 18th century machine manufacture came to replace traditional craft production.

3. The 20th century brought the production processes, which caused more pollution.

4. Industrial building culture means only the design of the structure.

5. The advantage of the integrative systems is the proximity of the various zones to each other and the

minimization of circulation areas.