Physical training and sport in Russia

 

The intellectual wealth, mental health and physical well-being of people are closely interrelated. The sports traditions of Russia have a long history. The Russian people have always highly appreciated physical force, courage and endurance. In the 15th and 16th centuries young men were fond of competing in chasing each other, in fisticuffs, riding and archery. Russians have long ago started to use skis. Talking of the fighting efficiency of the army, Peter the Great did quite a lot for the organization and development of physical training in Russia. He ordered to construct riding halls in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, invited instructors from abroad to teach nobles and officers to vault and to ride horses. Under Peter the Great one used to organize boat races and regatta.

In the end of the 17th and in the beginning of the 18th centuries in the military and some civil institutions of Russia one started to conduct the lessons in military and physical training. The lessons in gymnastics, fencing, shooting were a part of the curriculum.

In l918 the first physical training circles were created and the mass competitions in cross-country running, swimming, boxing, skiing were held. Physical exercises among Red Army soldiers were introduced on a mandatory basis. The evening courses of the mass organizers of physical training were opened in Moscow. The graduates of these courses have become the organizers of the sports movement not only in Moscow but in the whole country. The Institute of Physical Education was opened in Moscow in 1920. It was the leading one by its significance.

During 1920-1930 the most known nowadays sports societies and clubs were created in the USSR. Among them were the societies "Dynamo", "Spartak", "Locomotive", Army Club and many others.

Moscow is the largest sports center of the country. When Moscow was preparing for the 22nd Olympic Games all sports constructions were renovated in accordance with the international standards.

The modern sports Russia constitutes large stadiums, swimming pools, palaces of sport, schools of higher sports skill, colleges of the Olympic reserve, youth sports schools. Today this country is ready for holding the summer and winter sports competitions at the highest international level.

 

6. Ответьте письменно на вопросы

 

1. What were young men fond of competing in in the 15th and 16th centuries?

2. What did Peter the Great do for the organization and development of physical training in Russia?

 

7. Выпишите из текста 3 предложения в страдательном залоге, переведите их письменно и укажите время глагола.

 

8. Перепишите и письменно переведите последние 2 абзаца текста.

 

Вариант 2.

1.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения и их производные:

 

1. There was nobody in the gym.

2. Anyone can play this game.

3. Has anybody participated in that competition?

4. There was some water in the bottle.

5. Our athletes practice somewhere in the Alps.

 

2.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами

 

1. She can swim very well.

2. They will not be able to take part in the finals because they have lost the game.

3. Do you have to get up so early every day?

4. They couldn’t help their friends yesterday because they were very busy.

5. She was not allowed to participate in the competitions.

6. May I speak to your coach?

7. She must do her best to achieve good results.

8. They were to meet their teammates at the railway station.

9. I had to do their work yesterday.

10. You should read the instructions very attentively.

 

 

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения

 

1. When he completes school, he will enter the University.

2. Will you wait here until he comes back.

3. They will go to the training session before they go to the tournament.

4. She will phone you as soon as she comes.

5. If they don’t go to see the match they will come to us.

 

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Укажите время глагола в страдательном залоге.

Образец: He was asked at the English lesson.

Его спрашивали на уроке английского языка.

Was asked – Past Indefinite Passive

 

1. The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia.

2. The training has just been finished.

3. The championship is being reported about in all newspapers.

4. All the games will be played by them well because they practice so much.

5. The events were being discussed when we entered the Assembly hall.

6. They had already been interviewed when we came.

7. Russian State University of Physical Education was founded in 1918.

8. The championship will have been finished by the beginning of the year.

 

5.Напишите следующие предложения в косвенной речи. Переведите их письменно.

 

1. He said, “I don’t want to make another attempt”

2. She said,”I’ll take part in the national championship”.

3. They said,”We have won the gold.”

4. I said, “I didn’t go to the swimming pool on Sunday.”

5. He said, “I’m going to visit my friend in St.Petersburg”.

6. We said, “We can help you to install the new equipment”.

 

 

TEXT

“HEALTH OF PUPILS” EXCERPTS FROM THE TEST PROGRAM OF THE MAYOR OF MOSCOW

 

The Test Program of the Mayor of Moscow, which is valid starting 1996, is intended for the express estimate of the state of physical fit­ness of school children who are 6-17 years old (from the first to the eleventh grades). One estimates such indices as general endurance, flexibility, quickness, agility, speed, dynam­ic and static force, speed and force endurance.

The capital's program for testing the physical fitness of school children who are 6-17 years old - i.e. the "Test Program of the Mayor of Moscow" — has been worked out by the specialists of the Moscow Committee of Education, of the Moscow City Federation of Sports Organizations jointly with the All-Russian Research Institute of Physical Training and it constitutes a part of the united capital's system of physical training of children and pupils. The program was approved by the Government of Moscow.

The necessity of the test diagnostic of the physical-­health of school children is obvious since one has obtained negative data on the state of health and physical fitness of pupils. Thus, 15% of boys could not pull themselves up more than once, 5% of those being tested could not pull themselves up at all while 55% of girls, who were aged between 6 and 17 years, could not execute the age and strength norm "hang" on the horizontal bar. The number of children having extra weight of their bodies increases from year to year. According to experts, about 20% of children suffer from obesity and, moreover, this figure tends to growth. The most important indices that reflect the functional state of the heart and lungs have gone down by 10%.

 

6. Ответьте письменно на вопросы

 

1. Who was the program approved by?

2. Why is the necessity of the test diagnostic of the physical-­health of school children obvious?

 

7. Выпишите из текста 3 предложения в страдательном залоге, переведите их письменно и укажите время глагола.

 

8. Перепишите и письменно переведите первый абзац текста.