Employment

 

1. By the year 2000 Britain’s working population – the workforce – was 27 million (nearly 50 per cent of the total population). Those in employment include full-time, part-time and self-employed people. People are employed in manufacturing and service.

2. Employment is also often divided into sections according to the types of work and social class. These categories include professional, manual and non-manual. A doctor, for example, is a professional in the service sector, while a steelworker would be a manual worker (skilled or unskilled) in the manufacturing sector. One trend is very clear in Britain: fewer people now make cars or work in coal mines; more work for banks and hotels.

3. In 1951 ninety-six per cent of the people in work in Britain had full-time jobs and the majority of these (seventy per cent) were held by men. By 2000 twenty-one per cent of jobs were part-time and forty-four per cent of workers were women. The basic employment trend of the 1980s continued, with a general rise in the number of part-time jobs for women, particularly in service industries. The number of people who were self-employed also rose due partly to new technologies and to changing work patterns.

4. There are big differences in pay between men and women. The average full-time wage for women is still only 80 per cent of the male average, even when the same job is involved. Certain highly-paid occupations such as surgery are still almost exclusively for men.

 

VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3)

а) истинными (true)

б) ложными (false)

в) в тексте нет информации (no information)

 

1) Employment has risen among people over 55.

2) People are engaged in production and service.

3) The numbers of part-time jobs for women rose due partly to new technologies.

 

 

VII. Прочитайте абзац 4 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What are differences in pay between men and women?

 

Вариант №5

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберите определения

(a – j), соответствующие существительным:

 

1) cost	a) the state of possessing money (gained by trade or business) or resulting in advantage
2) depreciation	b) an amount of money which must be paid to the government according to income, property, goods bought etc.
3) salary	c) a stated sum of money paid regularly for the use of a room, building, land, etc.
4) rent	d) an agreement by contract to pay money to someone if something, like death or an accident, happens to them
5) profitability	e) money that one receives as payment from the company or organization one works for
6) loan	f) the amount of money paid or needed for buying, doing, or producing something
7) insurance	g) tiring physical work; workers, especially those who use their hands, considered as a group or class
8) tax	h) the state of falling in value or representing little value
9) output	i) money which is lent
10) labour	j) production

 

 

II. a) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.

б) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1) The government has been playing no role in the management of the economy for many years.

2) The partners are receiving the purchase next week.

3) When the negotiation started the parties were discussing the delivery contract.

 

III. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

б) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) To persuade consumers to buy products is the main objective of advertising.

2) The Government passed a bill on reducing taxes.

3) To acquire wealth is not easy, yet to keep it is even more difficult.

 

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что инфинитивные обороты часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

 

1) To remain competitive the company should maintain and increase efficiency.

2) They expect the cargo to be delivered immediately.

3) Advertisers are likely to use different emotional appeals as sales are low.

 

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2.