FIRE CAUSES. INVESTIGATION OF FIRESFires do not start without any cause. The most important fire prevention method is the thorough investigation of every fire. It is necessary to determine the correct cause, origin and responsibility to prevent future fires. Information obtained from a thorough investigation must be recorded in proper form and filed (складена у теку) accurately. Firefighting and investigation require specialized knowledge of how fires start, how various fuels burn or explode, and how various fires behave. The discovery of a suspicious fire should lead to a more thorough investigation. It helps to identify the type of the fire (a fraud fire, a revenge fire, an extremist group fire, a malicious mischief fire, a concealing another crime fire). The determination of fire cause is usually a department policy. If the initial investigation revealed a fire of a suspicious nature, the investigation could involve the state fire marshal (начальника пожежної частини), police department, insurance investigator. The important initial investigation is usually done by the officer-in-charge of the fire. This investigation must determine where the fire started and its probable cause. Fire causes generally fall into two categories: an accidental or a deliberately set fire. If the investigation leads to the conclusion of an accidental fire, then a responsible person may be found out in such an order: Did a code violation cause the fire? Was violation detected previously? If detected, why wasn’t correction made? Regardless (незалежно) of who does the investigation, the firefighter plays a vital part (відіграє вирішальну роль). To an investigator a burned out area is just a big puzzle. A good investigator will seek information from the firefighter because the firefighter could supply the information that could lead to the cause of the fire, the origin of the fire, or the conviction of an arsonist. There are certain aspects of the fire that only the firefighter can tell the investigator. He is the first to arrive at the fire scene. The firefighter can help the investigator by his observations, his ability to recognize the evidence of fire and preservation of this evidence. A fire investigation requires much information. A firefighter should give as much information to the investigator as he can including incidents or observations that the investigator did not ask about. Some of these trivial incidents can become very important to the investigator. When an alarm is received, a firefighter should adapt himself to an emergency situation. He should become mentally alert and maintain a high attention level (бути насторожі). He must be aware (знати) that he is going into a hazardous physical and mentally stressful atmosphere and must be prepared to handle any situation that may occur. On the way to the fire the firefighter should note (помічати) the weather conditions, such as rain, snow, ice, wind direction and velocity, temperature, visibility, and upon arrival, traffic conditions and persons in the street. Information that can help to determine the cause of the fire and its proofs comes from observing fire and people’s behaviour, the conditions of the fire scene. Thorough investigation will often aid in preventing the reoccurrence of future fires.
Вправа 8. Дайте відповіді на питання до тексту. 1. What is necessary to do in order to prevent future fires? 2. What does fire investigation require? 3. What is the reason for more thorough investigation? 4. What types of fires can you identify? 5. When are the state fire marshal, police department, insurance investigator involved in the fire investigation? 6. The important initial investigation is usually done by the officer-in-charge of the fire, isn’t it? 7. What two categories of fire causes do you know? 8. What must the firefighter do to help the investigator in his work? 9. How must the firefighter act when the alarm is received? 10. Can you explain why the firefighter must be very observant? Вправа 9. Перекладіть подані слова та словосполучення: а)to determine the correct cause, origin of fires; a responsible person; a thorough investigation; to be recorded in proper form and filed accurately; a fire of a suspicious nature; to be involved into the investigation; an insurance investigator; a deliberately set fire; to lead to the conclusion; to play a vital part; to seek information from the firefighter; the conviction of an arsonist; to arrive at the fire scene; to adapt oneself to an emergency situation; to become mentally alert; to maintain a high attention level; to go into a hazardous physical and mentally stressful atmosphere; on the way to the fire; to note the weather conditions; to note persons in the street; to come from observing fire and people behaviour; to aid in preventing the reoccurrence of fires;
б)метод попередження пожеж; розслідування пожеж; визначати тип пожежі; пожежа, яка приховує інший злочин; навмисний підпал; початковий етап розслідування пожежі; ймовірна причина пожежі; випадкова пожежа; порушення правил пожежної безпеки; місце пожежі; зберігання доказів; потребувати інформації про пожежу; отримати сигнал тривоги; спостереження; надзвичайна ситуація; рух транспорту; швидкість та напрямок вітру; горіти; вибухати; палій; видимість; приборкати будь-яку ситуацію.
Вправа 10. Виберіть слово, яке підходить за значенням. 1. Fires do not start without (cause, firefighter). 2. The most important fire prevention method is the thorough (conclusion, investigation) of every fire. 3. It is necessary to determine the (correct, incorrect) cause to prevent future fires. 4. Firefighting and investigation require (general, specialized) knowledge of how fires start and how various fuels burn or explode. 5. Determination of fire cause is usually a (government, department) policy. 6. If the initial investigation revealed a fire of a suspicious nature, the investigation could involve (the state fire marshal, the cadet). 7. The important initial investigation is usually done by (the insurance investigator, the officer-in-charge of the fire). 8. To (the investigator, the state fire marshal) a burned out area is just a big puzzle. 9. Some of the (trivial, unusual) incidents can become very important to the investigator. 10. The firefighter must be aware that he is going into a (hazardous, safe) physical and mentally stressful atmosphere. Вправа 11. Заповніть пропуски словами, які подані нижче, поставивши їх у потрібну форму. 1. The most important fire prevention method is the thorough … of every fire. 2. It is necessary to determine the correct …, origin and responsibility to prevent future fires. 3. The discovery of a … fire should lead to a more thorough investigation. 4. The important initial investigation is usually done by the … of the fire. 5. Did a … violation cause the fire? 6. Regardless of who does the investigation, the … plays a vital part. 7. The firefighter is the first to arrive at the …. 8. The firefighter can help the investigator by his observations, his ability to recognize … of fire setting. 9. When an alarm is received, a firefighter should … himself to an … situation. 10. Thorough investigation will often aid in preventing the … of future fires.
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