Glossary & New Concepts
| Learning
A skill
Knowledge
Aptitude
Intelligence(intelegence quautiate IQ)
Classical conditioning
Operants
Humanistic psychology
Rote learning
Meaningful learning
subtractive bilingualism
defensive learning
Signal learning
Stimulus-response learning
Verbal association
Multiple discrimination
Concept learning
Principle learning
Problem solving
Transfer
Interference
Generalization
Overgeneralization
inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
| is acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals and some machines.
is the learned capacity to carry out pre-determined results often with the minimum outlay of time, energy, or both.
is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information; or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
is an innate, acquired or learned or developed component of a competency (the others being knowledge, understanding and attitude) to do a certain kind of work at a certain level. Aptitudes may be physical or mental.
is an umbrella term describing a property of the mind including related abilities.
a series of experiments in which Ivan Pavlov trained a dog to salivate to the tone of a tuning fork through a procedure
are classes of responces
is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century, drawing on the work of early pioneers like Carl Rogers and the philosophies of existentialism and phenomenology
Ausubel described rote learning as the process of acquiring material as "discrete and relatively isolated entities that are relat-able to cognitive structure only in an arbitrary and verbatim fashion, not permitting the establishment of [meaningful] relationships"
it is a process of relating and anchoring new material to relevant established entities in cognitive structure.
members of a minority group learn the language of the majority group, and the latter group downgrades speakers of the minority language.
it’s a kind of learning in which learners try to protect themselves from failure, from criticism, from competition with fellow students, and possibly from punishment.
The individual learns to make a general diffuse response to a signal. This is the classical conditioned response of Pavlov
The learner acquires a precise response to a discriminated stimulus.
is the learning of chains that are verbal. Basically, the conditions resemble those for other (motor) chains.
The individual learns to make a number of different identifying responses to many different stimuli, which may resemble each other in physical appearance to a greater or lesser degree.
The learner acquires the ability to make a common response to a class of stimuli even though the individual members of that class may differ widely from each other.
is a chain of two or more concepts. It functions to organize behavior and experience.
is a kind of learning that requires the internal events usually referred to as "thinking."
is a general term describing the carryover of previous performance or knowledge to subsequent learning.
previously learned material interferes with subsequent material—a previous item is incorrectly transferred or incorrectly associated with an item to be learned.
is a crucially important and pervading strategy in human learning.
is regular a past-tense endings (walked, opened) as applicable to all past-tense forms (goed, flied) until they recognize a subset of verbs that belong in an "irregular" category.
It is when one stores a number of specific instances and induces a general law or rule or conclusion that governs or subsumes the specific instances.
is a movement from a generalization to specific instances: specific subsumed facts are inferred or deduced from a general principle.
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