Use (to be going to do something)1) actions intended to be performed in the near future She's going to visit her parents tomorrow. 2) planned actions or intentions Now that they've settled in their new house, they 're going to have a party. 3) evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future Ann is going to have a baby. Look at the dark clouds in the sky It 's going to rain. 4) things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future He's going to be promoted. (The boss has decided to do it.)
Time expressions:tomorrow, tonight, next week / month, in two / three etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week / month etc. 7.4 Write the correct form of “ going to” and use one of these verbs to complete the sentences. Use each verb once only:
finish, complain, fall off, be, miss, die,
1. Look at those clouds! It is going to rain! 2. Look at the sun! It ______________ hot today. 3. Susan's not working very hard. I think she ________________ her exams. 4. He's very angry. He ________________ to the manager. 5. It's nearly four o'clock. The lesson ________________ soon. 6. I don't like travelling by plane. I _____________________ there. 7. This plan is too complicated. It (not) _____________________. 8. The President's very ill. I think he ______________________. 9. Watch the baby! She ______________________ the bed! 10. This bus is very slow. I think we _______________ the train. 7.5 Supply the “ going to” or present continuous for these sentences:
1. We _______ at home tonight. (stay) – We're going to stay at home tonight./We're staying at home tonight. 2. Look at the sky. It ______ tomorrow. (rain) – Look at the sky. It's going to rain tomorrow. 3. We ________________________ at a restaurant tonight. (eat) 4. They ____________________ to Manchester tomorrow morning. (drive) 5. I ____________________ my teeth, have a wash, and go to bed. (brush) 6. Be careful with that plate! You ________________________ it! (break) 7. My parents _______________________ with us for the weekend. (stay) 8. Who _____________________________________ him the news? (tell) 9. Hurry up! We _________________________________ the train! (miss) 10. How many people ______________________________ today? (arrive) 11. They ________________________ Nick at 10 o'clock tomorrow. (see) 12. I ____________________________ to the seaside next weekend. (go) 13. Who _____________________________ to John's party later? (come) 14. Bring your hat and gloves – it ___________________ cold later tonight. (get) 15. Mary __________________________ to Barbados next Tuesday. (fly) 16. Our friends ________________________ us before the concert. (meet) 17. We ______________________ into our new house next month. (move) 7.6* Complete the text with the Present Simple or will- form of the verb in brackets: The future of our solar system
The Sun 1)(continue) will continue much as it is today until it 2) (enter) _______ its red giant phase in 4 to 5 billion years. Then, the core 3)(grow) _______ smaller and hotter until it finally4)(finish) _______ burning the fuel in its nuclear core. When this5)(occur) _______ the core 6) (become) _______ so dense that helium fusion will begin. When the helium atoms 7) (collide) _______, they 8) (form) _______ carbon (from 3 helium atoms) and oxygen (from 4 helium atoms). When this process 9) (begin) _______ the Sun 10) (produce) _______ enormous amounts of energy. The Sun11)(grow) _______ larger as this energy 12) (increase) _______. It 13) (be) _______ over a hundred times its present size by the time it 14) (stop) _______ growing. This is why we use the term red giant. As the Sun 15) (expand) _______, it is probable that it 16) (absorb) _______ the Earth. When the Sun 17) (use) _______ up all its energy, it 18) (become) _______ a small white dwarf, and 19) (not make) _______ any more energy. After a few billion years, when it is completely cool, it 20) (be) _______ just a cold dark object.
7.7 Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the future simple or present simple:
1. I (give) it to them when they (visit) us. – I’ll give it to them when they visit us. 2. I (not send) the parcel until I (hear) from you. – I won't send the parcel until I hear from you. 3. As soon as they (phone) me, I (contact) you. 4. I (see) you before I (fly) to Paris. 5. They (send) you the money before they (leave). 6. When I (talk) to him, I (give) him your news. 7. She (visit) her parents before she (go) to the airport. 8. I (finish) this when I (be) at the office. 9. I (send) you a postcard when I (get) to Bermuda. 10. She (do) her homework before she (go) out. 11. After I (visit) the hospital, I (go) and see her parents. 12. I (phone) Mary when we (get) to San Francisco. 13. I (call) you as soon as we (sign) the contract. 14. He (not do) anything before you (tell) him to. 15. You (be) very surprised when you (meet) him. Present Perfect Use 1) recently completed actions She has tidied her room. (She has finished tidying her room. You can see it is tidy now. – evidence in the present) 2) actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them.) 3) personal experiences / changes which have happened I’ve lost 10 kilos. 4) emphasis on number She 's written three letters since this morning. She has called on two clients since 12 o'clock. Time expressions:just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over a period of time), today, this week/month etc
Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Cont. with no difference in meaning. I’ve been living / I’ve livedin Rome for a year. 8.1 Read these sentences about fish. Then put the verb in brackets into present perfect simple form:
About 15% of protein eaten by humans 1) (always come) has always come from fish. Recently, however, the number of fish 2) (fall) _______. Several things 3) (cause) _______ this problem. Most scientists agree that governments 4) (not do) _______ enough to stop overfishing. This means that fish populations 5) (grow) _______ smaller. Many fish 6) (not reproduce) _______ fast enough to replace their numbers. The population of North Sea cod, for example, 7) (reach) _______ a dangerous level. EU laws 8) (reduce) _______ the numbers of fishing boats. As a result, many fishermen in traditional fishing ports 9) (lose) _______ their jobs. In recent years, fish in the UK 10) (become) _______ expensive, and many people 11) (stop) _______ eating it.
8.2 Use the prompts to make a question: e.g. you / ever / see a humming bird? – Have you ever seen a humming bird? It's the world smallest bird. 1. you / ever / read War and Peace? It's one of the longest 19th-century novels. 2. you / ever / visit San Marino? It's Europe’s second smallest country. 3. you / ever / swim in the Pacific Ocean? It's the largest ocean in the world. 4. you / ever / take a trip to the Sahara Desert? It's one of the hottest places in the world.
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