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: 2015-09-15; : 575
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| 1 byte, n | |
| 2 kilobyte, n | |
| 3 megabyte, n | |
| 4 gigabyte, n | |
| 5 megahertz, n | |
| 6 motherboard, n | |
| 7 port, n | |
| 8 RAM, n (Random Access Memory) | () , , |
| 9ROM, n (Read Only Memory) | , , |
| 10 cache memory, n | ( ) |
| 11 expansion card, n | |
| 12 chip, n | , , |
| 13 parallel port, n | |
| 14 memory slot, n | |
| 15 microprocessor, n | |
| 16 loudspeaker, n | |
| 17 graphics card, n | , |
| 18 power supply, n | 1) () 2) () |
| 19 serial port, n | |
| 20 serial mouse, n | , |
| 21video(VGA) port, n | |
| 22 video memory, n | , ( ) |
| 23 upgradable, adj | ( ), |
| 24 a tower shaped case, n | ( ) |
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Parts of a computer
Most computers consist of electronic central processing unit (CPU) to which are attached different input devices, output devices and storage devices. The CPU and storage devices are normally built inside a system unit which consists of a metal chassis enclosed in a flat desktop or a tower shaped case. A system unit contains an electronic board called the motherboard that holds and connects together the main electronic components. These are shown in the table below.
Processor controls the system
(microprocessor) and processes the
Data
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ROM (Read stores the program instructions
Only Memory) the computer needs to start up
RAM (Random stores the data being processed
Access Memory)
Cache memory speeds up the processing
The motherboard usually has empty electronic connectors, called expansion slots, into which additional electronic boards (sometimes called expansion cards) can be plugged. This allows extra electronic components to be added. For example, more memory can be added by plugging memory boards (e.g. SIMMS) into the memory slots. Sound facilities can be added by plugging a sound card into an expansion slot. This is one way of upgrading a computer. Another way is to replace the motherboard with a newer and better one.
The system unit usually also contains a small speaker (or loudspeaker), the power supply, and some storage devices. These often include: a hard disk drive with a fixed disk that can store a very large amount of data; a floppy disk drive ()that uses removable floppy disks (diskettes); a CD-ROM or DVD drive that is used for reading CD-ROM or DVD drive disks (particularly in multimedia computers). Some other devices may be included in the system unit but most input and output devices are plugged into the back of the system unit using connectors known as ports.
Power is a function of both speed and capacity. The power of a computer depends on the combination of all the components. When buying a computer, you can often choose between different components. In particular you can choose between different processor speeds, amounts of memory, and hard disk sizes. Units of measurement commonly used in computing are shown below.
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Unit Symbol Meaning Measurement
Hertz HZ cycles per frequency
Second
Byte B space for one capacity
(pronounced character,
i.e. one letter,
like bite) number,
punctuation
mark, symbol
or even a space
Hertz are measured using the decimal system but bytes are measured using the binary system. The values of the unit prefixes vary in these two systems as shown in the table below.
Unit Symbol Decimal System Binary System
Kilo K 103 =1000 2 10 = 1024
Mega M 10 6 = 1000000 2 20=1048576
Giga G 109= 2 30 =
1000000000 1073741824
(MHZ = megahertz, KB = kilobytes, MB =megabytes, GB = gigabytes)
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