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ÊÀÒÅÃÎв¯:

Àâòîìîá³ë³Á³îëîã³ÿÁóä³âíèöòâî³äïî÷èíîê ³ òóðèçìÃåîãðàô³ÿÄ³ì ³ ñàäÅêîëîã³ÿÅêîíîì³êàÅëåêòðîí³êà²íîçåìí³ ìîâè²íôîðìàòèêà²íøå²ñòîð³ÿÊóëüòóðà˳òåðàòóðàÌàòåìàòèêàÌåäèöèíàÌåòàëëóðã³ÿÌåõàí³êàÎñâ³òàÎõîðîíà ïðàö³Ïåäàãîã³êàÏîë³òèêàÏðàâîÏñèõîëîã³ÿÐåë³ã³ÿÑîö³îëîã³ÿÑïîðòÔ³çèêàÔ³ëîñîô³ÿÔ³íàíñèÕ³ì³ÿ






ֲ˲ ÒÀ ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒ Ä²ßËÜÍÎÑÒ²


Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ: 2015-10-12; ïðîñìîòðîâ: 632



Ïðàâîïîíèìàèèå

Ãëàâà 1. "Íîâîå ïðàâî": îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ

èíòåðïðåòàöèé.............................................................................................................................. 163

1. Ïîÿâëåíèå "íîâîãî ïðàâà"................................................................... 163

2. Êîíöåïöèÿ "ïðîëåòàðñêîãî ïðàâà" ............................................. 165

3. Ïðàâî êàê êëàññîâûé ïîðÿäîê ........................................................ 170

4. Ïðàâî êàê ìåíîâîå îòíîøåíèå: íåêðîëîã î ïðàâå....... 198

5. Ïðàâî êàê èäåîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ôîðìà êëàññîâûõ

îòíîøåíèé........................................................................................................... 231

6. Ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ êëàññîâîãî ïðàâà .............. 235

7. Ñîâåòñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ îêòðîèðîâàííûõ ïðàâ. Äèêòàòóðà ïðîëåòàðèàòà êàê "ïðàâîâîå ãîñóäàðñòâî"..........................................................................257

Ãëàâà 2. "Ïðàâîâîé ôðîíò" ñîöèàëèçìà..........................................................261

1. Ìåòàìîðôîçû ïðàâîïîíèìàíèÿ â ðóñëå

áîëüøåâèñòñêîé ïîëèòèêè............................................._................ 261

2. Íîâîå "ïðàâîïîíèìàíèå" â îòðàñëåâûõ íàóêàõ ............ 274

3. Äåêëàðàöèÿ "ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêîãî ïðàâà"............................... 278

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Ãëàâà 'S. Ñîâåòñêèé ëåãèçì.............................................................................................. 283

; 1. Ñòàëèíñêèé òîòàëèòàðèçì: êîìïëåêñ

ãîñóäàðñòâåííî-ïðàâîâîé íåïîëíîöåííîñòè.................... 283

•••»• 2. Èñêîìîå "ïðàâîïîíèìàíèå"................................................................290

3. Òîòàëèòàðíûé "íîðìàòèâèçì": ïðàâî êàê

ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïðèêàçîâ âëàñòè........................................................ 297

4. Îôèöèàëüíàÿ ïîçèöèÿ............................................................................. 302

Ãëàâà 4. Â ïîèñêàõ íîâûõ ïîäõîäîâ ê ïðàâó..............................................311

1. Øèðîêèé ïîäõîä ê ïðàâó..................................................................... 311

2. Ëèáåðòàðíàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ïðàâà.......................................................319

'"* Ðàçäåë IV. Ôèëîñîôñêèå ïðîáëåìû ïîñòñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêîãî ïðàâà è ãîñóäàðñòâà

Ãëàâà 1. Îò ñîöèàëèçìà ê öèâèëèçìó.

Êîíöåïöèÿ öèâèëèòàðíîãî ïðàâà............................................................................ 323

1. Àëüòåðíàòèâû ïîñòñîöèàëèçìà...................................................... 323

2. Ïðîáëåìà "êîíöà èñòîðèè": âîçìîæåí ëè

ïîñëåáóðæóàçíûé òèï ïðàâà? ....................................................... 331

3. Öèâèëèòàðíîå ïðàâî è ãðàæäàíñêàÿ ñîáñòâåííîñòü..... 336

4. Íîâûå îðèåíòèðû ïðîãðåññà ïðàâà è ñâîáîäû ............... 343

5. Öèâèëèçì êàê ðóññêàÿ èäåÿ â êîíòåêñòå

âñåìèðíîé èñòîðèè..................................................................................... 349

Ãëàâà 2. Ïðåîäîëåíèå òîòàëèòàðèçìà:

òðóäíûé ïóòü Ðîññèè ê ïðàâó................................................................................... 352

1. Òðàäèöèè è îïûò ãîñóäàðñòâåííî-ïðàâîâûõ

ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé â Ðîññèè: àêòóàëüíûå óðîêè............... 352

2. Îò ñîâåòñêîé ñèñòåìû ê ïîñòñîâåòñêîé

Êîíñòèòóöèè...................................................................................................... 366

3. Êîíñòèòóöèîííîå ïðàâîïîíèìàíèå: ïðàâà ÷åëîâåêà, ïðàâîâîé çàêîí, ïðàâîâîå ãîñóäàðñòâî...................................372

4. Ñèñòåìà ðàçäåëåíèÿ è âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ âëàñòåé.......... 380

5. Ïåðñïåêòèâû ðàçâèòèÿ ðîññèéñêîãî ïðàâà è ãîñóäàðñòâà: êîíñòèòóöèîííûå ïîëîæåíèÿ è äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòü.................................................................................... 389

Ðàçäåë V. Èñòîðèÿ ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà è ñîâðåìåííîñòü

Ãëàâà 1. Àíòè÷íàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà.................................................................. 399

1. Äèêå è íîìîñ: â ïîèñêàõ íà÷àë ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè........... 399

2. Äåìîêðèò...............................................................................................................403

3. Ñîôèñòû.................................................................................................................404

4. Ñîêðàò......................................................................................................................408

5. Ïëàòîí..................................................................................................................... 409

Ñîäåðæàíèå

l

6. Àðèñòîòåëü.......................................................................................................... 412 j

7. Ýïèêóð..................................................................................................................... 421 !

, 8. Ñòîèêè.............__............................................................................................. 423 |

i 9. Öèöåðîí..................................................................................----«—..............426

10. Ðèìñêèå þðèñòû......................................................................................... 430

Ãëàâà 2. Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà ñðåäíåâåêîâüÿ....................................................438

1. Ôîìà Àêâèíñêèé ........................................................................................... 438

2. Ñðåäíåâåêîâûå þðèñòû.......................................................................... 443

Ãëàâà 3. Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà Íîâîãî âðåìåíè................................................ 448

1. Ãðîöèé......................................................................................................................448

2. Ôðýíñèñ Áýêîí................................................................................................. 455

3. Ãîááñ.......................................................................................................................... 457

4. Ëîêê............................................................................................................................ 466

5. Ìîíòåñêüå............................................................................................................. 472

6. Ðóññî..........................................._._......................................._...................478

7. Êàíò.......................................................................................__............_....... 48 7

8. Ãåãåëü ......................_......................................................................................... 498

Ãëàâà-4. Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà â Ðîññèè...................................................................510

1. Îáùàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà........................................................................... 510

2. Á.Í. ×è÷åðèí...................................................................................................... 518

3. Ï.È. Íîâãîðîäöåâ .......................................................................................... 528

4. B.C. Ñîëîâüåâ..................................................................................................... 531

5. Í.À.Áåðäÿåâ........................................................................................................ 541

Ãëàâà 5. Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà â XX â.: îñíîâíûå êîíöåïöèè........... 553

1. Îáùàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà........................................................................... 553

2. Íåîêàíòèàíñêèå êîíöåïöèè ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà............... 567

3. Íåîãåãåëüÿíñêèå êîíöåïöèè ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà ............. 572

4. ×èñòîå ó÷åíèå î ïðàâå Ã.Êåëüçåíà............................................. 586

5. Êîíöåïöèè "âîçðîæäåííîãî" åñòåñòâåííîãî ïðàâà ..... 607

6. Ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà....................................... 625

7. Îíòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ïðàâà Ð.Ìàð÷è÷à ................. 629

8. Íåîïîçèòèâèñòñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ïðàâà Ã.Õàðòà................ 635

9. "Ïîçíàâàòåëüíî-êðèòè÷åñêàÿ òåîðèÿ ïðàâà"................... 639

Óêàçàòåëü èìåí.........................................................................__.............................644

Ïðåäèñëîâèå

 íàñòîÿùåì ó÷åáíèêå îñâåùàåòñÿ ïðîáëåìàòèêà ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà êàê îòäåëüíîé ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé íàó÷íîé è ó÷åáíîé äèñöèï­ëèíû. Ôèëîñîôñêî-ïðàâîâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ èìåþò äàâíèå è áîãà­òûå òðàäèöèè. Îíè âîñõîäÿò ê èñòîêàì ôèëîñîôèè è þðèñïðóäåí­öèè è ñîïðîâîæäàþò âñþ èñòîðèþ èõ ðàçâèòèÿ — âïëîòü äî ñîâðå­ìåííîñòè.

Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà — â åå ñîîòíîøåíèè ñ äðóãèìè âèäàìè è ñïîñîáàìè èçó÷åíèÿ ïðàâà — ÿâëÿåòñÿ âûñøåé äóõîâíîé ôîðìîé ïîçíàíèÿ ïðàâà, ïîñòèæåíèÿ è óòâåðæäåíèÿ åãî ñìûñëà, öåííîñòè è çíà÷åíèÿ â æèçíè ëþäåé.

Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðàâà íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ èäåé îá îáúåê­òèâíîé, íåçàâèñèìîé îò îôèöèàëüíî-âëàñòíîãî óñìîòðåíèÿ è ïðî­èçâîëà, ïðèðîäå è ñìûñëå ïðàâà. Ýòè èäåè ñòàëè çàðîäûøåì âñåõ ïîñëåäóþùèõ, âêëþ÷àÿ è ñîâðåìåííûå, ïðåäñòàâëåíèé è êîíöåï­öèé î âíóòðåííåé âçàèìîñâÿçè è åäèíñòâå ïðàâà, ñâîáîäû è ñïðà­âåäëèâîñòè, î ïðàâàõ è ñâîáîäàõ ÷åëîâåêà, î ãîñïîäñòâå ïðàâà, î ïðàâîâîì çàêîíå è ïðàâîâîì ãîñóäàðñòâå. È â òîì, ÷òî ñåãîäíÿ ýòè ïðàâîâûå èäåè ñòàëè îáùåïðèçíàííûìè ñîâðåìåííûì ìèðîâûì ñî­îáùåñòâîì öåííîñòÿìè è èìïåðàòèâàìè, — âåëèêàÿ è íåîñïîðèìàÿ çàñëóãà òàêæå è ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà.

Âñå ýòî îïðåäåëÿåò îñíîâîïîëàãàþùåå ìåñòî è çíà÷åíèå ôèëî­ñîôèè ïðàâà â ñèñòåìå þðèäè÷åñêèõ è äðóãèõ ãóìàíèòàðíûõ íàóê è ó÷åáíûõ äèñöèïëèí, îáúåêòàìè èçó÷åíèÿ è îñâåùåíèÿ êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðàâî è ãîñóäàðñòâî. Ïîêàçàòåëüíî â äàííîé ñâÿçè è òî áîëüøîå âíèìàíèå, êîòîðîå âîò óæå íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ìíîãèõ ñòîëå­òèé óäåëÿåòñÿ â çàïàäíûõ óíèâåðñèòåòàõ ïðåïîäàâàíèþ ôèëîñî­ôèè ïðàâà. Çíà÷èòåëüíûé îïûò èçó÷åíèÿ è ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ ýòîé äèñ­öèïëèíû áûë íàêîïëåí è â äîðåâîëþöèîííîé Ðîññèè.

 ñîâðåìåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ ðàäèêàëüíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé â ñòðàíå è ñòàíîâëåíèÿ íà÷àë ïðàâà è ïðàâîâîé ãîñóäàðñòâåííîñòè ñóùåñò­âåííî âîçðàñòàåò ðîëü ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà â ñèñòåìå ãóìàíèòàðíûõ íàóê è îòå÷åñòâåííîãî âóçîâñêîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ, çíà÷åíèå ýòîé äèñ­öèïëèíû âî âñåì ïðîöåññå ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ è óòâåðæäåíèÿ â íàøåì îáùåñòâå öåííîñòåé ïðàâà, ñâîáîäû è ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè.

Íà óäîâëåòâîðåíèå ýòèõ ïîòðåáíîñòåé è ðàññ÷èòàí íàñòîÿùèé ó÷åáíèê.  íåì — ñ ó÷åòîì ñëîæèâøåãîñÿ ïîëîæåíèÿ äåë â ýòîé îáëàñòè çíàíèé è àêòóàëüíûõ çàäà÷ âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ â ñòðàíå — èçëîæåíèå îáùèõ ïðîáëåì ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà (â ðàçäåëå I) ñî÷åòà­åòñÿ ñ îñâåùåíèåì (â ðàçäåëàõ II — V) îñíîâíûõ ýòàïîâ, íàïðàâëå-

Ïðåäèñëîâèå

íèé è êîíöåïöèé âñåìèðíîé è îòå÷åñòâåííîé èñòîðèè ðàçâèòèÿ ôèëîñîôñêî-ïðàâîâîé ìûñëè, âêëþ÷àÿ âåäóùèå èäåè è ó÷åíèÿ ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà â XX â. Ïðè ýòîì ìû èñõîäèëè èç òîãî, ÷òî â ñëó÷àÿõ îòñóòñòâèÿ â íûíåøíèõ óñëîâèÿõ âîçìîæíîñòåé â òåõ èëè èíûõ âóçàõ äëÿ ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ ïîëíîãî êóðñà ôèëîñîôèè ïðàâà åå èçó÷åíèå ìîæåò áûòü âïîëíå óñïåøíî îñóùåñòâëåíî â ôîðìå ñïåö­êóðñîâ ïî ìàòåðèàëàì îòäåëüíûõ ðàçäåëîâ äàííîãî ó÷åáíèêà.


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