VOCABULARY. level of prices – уровень ценlevel of prices – уровень цен economic growth – экономический рост accept for - принимать что-либо за что-либо property – имущество, собственность, состояние, хозяйство paper currency – бумажная валюта U.S. Treasury – казначейство США Federal Reserve System – Федеральная резервная система denomination – достоинство (о монетах) nickel – монета в пять центов dime – монета в 10 центов quarter – 25 центов issue – пускать в обращение treasurer - казначей precious metals – драгоценный метал account – счет debt – долг save – экономить, откладывать, копить coin – монета note – банкнота “In God We Trust” – «В Бога мы верим» Прочитайте и перескажите текст: MONEY The work which people undertake provides them with money. People buy essential commodities with money. All values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. Our goods and services are sold for money, and that money is in its turn exchanged for other goods and services. Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for general business. Originally, a valuable metal (gold, silver or copper) served as a constant store of value, and even today the American dollar is technically 'backed' by the store of gold, which the US government maintains. Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national currencies were for many years judged in terms of the so-called 'gold standard'. Nowadays national currencies are considered to be as strong as the national economies, which support them. Valuable metal has generally been replaced by paper notes. These notes are issued by government and authorized banks, and are known as 'legal tender'. Other arrangements such as cheques and money orders are not legal tender. They perform the function of substitute money and are known as 'instruments of credit'. Credit is offered only when creditors believe that they have a good chance of obtaining legal tender when they present such instruments at a bank or other authorized institutions. If a man's assets are known to be considerable then his credit will be good. If his assets are in doubt, then it may be difficult for him to obtain large sums of credit or even to pay for goods with a cheque. The value of money is basically its value as a medium of exchange or as economists put it, its 'purchasing power'. This purchasing power is dependent on supply and demand. The demand of money is reckonable as the quantity needed to effect business transactions. The demand for money is related to the rapidity with which the business is done. The supply of money is the actual amount in notes and coins available for business purposes. If too much money is available, its value decreases. This condition is known as 'inflation'.
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