Identify the nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs in the following groups of words. Use the appropriate ones in the sentences below. Choose the correct form of the word.
A. a. production, b. product, c. producer, d. productive, e. productivity, f. produce (v), g. produce (n), h. unproductive.
1. They ________ over 250 cars a week. 2. Do you know one of the world’s leading oil __________? 3. The system we have now is the __________ of years of research. 4. When will the new range of computers go in full ____________? 5. ___________ land is not good for growing crops on. 6. This is a new production method that has led to high _________? 7. What is the factory ________ capacity? 8. Fruit, vegetables and other things that farmers grow are called _____. B. a. employ, b. reemployable, c. unemployable, d. employee, e. employer, f. employment, g. unemployment, h. unemployed, i. employed.
1. Our firm ____________ more women than men. 2. The car industry is one of our biggest _____________. 3. The number of people in _____________ has fallen. 4. Frictional unemployment includes people whose physical or mental handicaps make them almost ____________, but it also includes the people spending short spells in unemployment as they hop between jobs in an economy where both the labor force and the jobs on offer are continually changing. 5. The number of _____________ is rising all the time. 6. These closures will mean ____________ for about 500 workers. 7. The difference between frictional and structural unemployment is that frictionally unemployed workers have salable skills, whereas structurally unemployed workers are not readily _________ without retraining, additional education. 8. You would be better ___________ in preparing financial statements. 9. The company has to make 10________ redundant.
3 Using the paragraph references given, look back in the text and find words or phrases with a similar meaning to:
4 Using the paragraph references given, look back in the text and find words or phrases which have an opposite meaning to:
5 In the text below fill in the blanks using the words from the bottom.
POKA-YOKE AND ITSIMPLEMENTATION IN MANUFACTURING Poka-yoke is 1) ________ that means "mistake-proofing". A poka-yoke is any mechanism in a lean manufacturing process that helps an equipment operator 2) ______________. Its purpose is to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur. The concept was formalised, and the term adopted, by Shigeo Shingo as part of the Toyota Production System. It was originally described as baka-yoke, but as this means "fool-proofing" (or "idiot-proofing") the name was changed to the milder poka-yoke. More broadly, the term can refer to any behavior-shaping constraint designed into a product 3) ______________. Poka-yoke can be implemented at any step of a manufacturing process where something can go wrong or 4) ___________. For example, a jig that holds pieces for processing might be modified to only allow pieces to be held in the correct orientation or a digital counter might track the number of spot welds on each piece to ensure that the worker executes the correct number of welds. Shigeo Shingo recognized three types of poka-yoke for 5) ___________. in a mass production system: 1. The contact method identifies product defects by testing the product's shape, size, color, or 6) ____________. 2. The fixed-value (or constant number) method alerts the operator if a certain number of movements are not made. 3. The motion-step (or sequence) method determines whether the prescribed steps of the process have been followed. Either the operator is alerted when a mistake is about to be made, or the poka-yoke device actually prevents the mistake from being made. In Shingo's lexicon, the former implementation would be called a warning poka-yoke, while the latter would be referred to as a control poka-yoke. Shingo argued that errors are inevitable in any 7) ___________, but that if appropriate poka-yokes are implemented, then mistakes can be caught quickly and prevented from resulting in defects. By eliminating defects at the source, the cost of mistakes within a company is reduced. a. to prevent incorrect operation by the user, b. manufacturing process, c. an error can be made, d. avoid mistakes, e. other physical attributes, f. a Japanese term, g. detecting and preventing errors. 6 Kaoru Ishikawa stressed the importance of using seven tools (techniques) of data presenting to analyse problems and develop quality improvements. Figures 8–13 below demonstrate the most widely used tools of quality control, namely:
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