End of ClimbExercise 2.11.1 Read and translate the text using the word list. It is 17.30 UTC. Just 6 minutes have passed since take-off. It has been a period of intense activity but with the aircraft established in the climb, the workload eases considerably. Control of the flight is passed over to the next sector. Harry dials up the new frequency of 124.92 MHz. He waits for the controller to finish a radio exchange with another flight before he clicks his microphone. First Officer R/T: London, good evening, it’s Speedbird 25, heading is 070, flight level 92, climbing flight level 150. London Control: Speedbird 25, good afternoon, direct to REDFA, climb flight level 230. REDFA, a waypoint over the North Sea is selected as the active waypoint in the FMC and LNAV is activated. The autopilot turns the jet on a direct course to the waypoint. However, this work is soon unraveled. The controller calls back with instructions to maintain a heading of 070° and passes control of the flight to the next radar sector. Once more, Harry checks in on a new frequency. First officer R/T: London control, good afternoon. Speedbird 25, radar heading 070 degrees, climbing 230. The new controller responds with clearance direct to SPY, the VOR just north of Schiphol airport in Amsterdam. The English countryside is left behind as the jet sets course for France. The jet’s weather radar paints the approaching coast of the Netherlands. The PFD shows the jet climbing at 345 kt through 23, 700 ft at 1, 200 fpm. A green arc intersecting the track line on the ND indicates where the selected altitude, shown atop the altitude scale of the PFD, will be reached. The flight has been cleared to 29, 000 ft. At 28, 000 ft, also known as flight level 280 or FL 280, Harry calls “One thousand to go”, and at 17.45 UTC Victor Alpha levels out over the North Sea, approaching the Dutch coast. The take-off and climb to cruising altitude have taken 21 minutes, covered 140 nm and burned 8.7 tonnes of fuel. The jumbo has a maximum operating altitude of 45, 100 ft but it won’t get that high tonight with its heavy fuel load. Many years ago, the pilots would have allowed the jet to drift slowly higher, constantly seeking the most efficient altitude as it burned off fuel and became lighter. That is no longer possible because of the busier skies. Instead the pilots will use the “step-climb” technique. They will start at FL 290 and step climb throughout the trip in 1, 000 ft, 2, 000 ft and even 4, 000 ft increments, always trying to bracket the ideal altitude. The flight plan details the best points to climb higher, recommending 33, 000 ft by DOSUR, some 40 minutes ahead, then to 33, 500 ft by the China/Russia border and finally to 37, 500 ft shortly after. That is the ideal profile. Whether or not it happens depends on ATC. The sun has set and the flight is racing into the night. Daybreak will come in just over six hours, hastened by the jet’s eastbound progress. SPY is 91 nm ahead. Hong Kong is 5, 554 nm beyond that. The journey is well under way. Exercise 2.11.2 Answer the questions. 1. What time has passed since take-off? 2. What kind of period was it? 3. Does the workload increase or reduce after the aircraft has established in the climb? 4. What is the frequency Harry dials up after the control of the aircraft has been passed over to the next sector? 5. Why does he have to wait for a few moments? 6. What FL is the crew instructed to climb to? 7. What is REDFA? 8. What is SPY and where is it located? 9. Where does the jet fly having left the British territory? 10. What does a green arc on the ND indicate? 11. What cruising level has Speedbird 25 been assigned? 12. How long did it take the jet to take-off and climb to cruising level? 13. What is the maximum operating altitude of a jumbo jet? 14. Is Speedbird 25 able to get that high tonight? 15. What is the reason? 16. How were the pilots allowed to climb many years ago? 17. Why do they have to perform step-climb nowadays? 18. What does the step-climb technique imply? 19. What is the most efficient altitude recommended by the flight plan? 20. Who or what does it depend on whether Speedbird is allowed to have the ideal flight profile? 21. How many hours are left before the next daybreak? 22. Why is the period between the sunset and sunrise going to be so short for the Hong Kong flight? 23. How long does the jumbo have to fly after point SPY? Exercise 2.11.3 Are the following statements true (√) or false (×)? Correct the false ones. 1. It is 17.00 UTC. 2. Just 10 minutes have passed since take-off. 3. It has been a period of intense activity. 4. With the aircraft established in the climb, the workload eases a little bit. 5. Control of the flight is passed over to the next sector. 6. Harry dials up the new frequency of 124.29 MHz. 7. He doesn’t wait for the controller to finish a radio exchange with another flight before he clicks his microphone. 8. He reports that Speedbird is flying on heading 080°, passing flight level 92, and climbing to flight level 160. 9. London Control instructs the crew to fly direct to REDFA and to climb to flight level 250. 10. REDFA is a waypoint over Scotland. 11. It is selected as the active waypoint in the FMC. 12. VNAV is activated. 13. The autopilot turns the jet on a reciprocal course to the waypoint. 14. However, this work is soon unraveled. 15. The controller calls back with instructions to maintain a heading of 170°. 16. He passes control of the flight to the next radar sector. 17. Once more, John checks in on a new frequency. 18. The crew inform the new controller that their present heading is 270 degrees, and that they are climbing to flight level 330. 19. The controller responds with clearance to fly direct to PSY. 20. It is the VOR just north of Arlanda airport in Stockholm. 21. The English countryside is left behind as the jet sets course for Sweden. 22. The jet’s weather radar paints the approaching coast of Denmark. 23. The PFD shows the jet climbing at 365 kt through 24, 700 ft at 1, 230 fpm. 24. A red arc intersecting the track line on the ND indicates where the selected altitude, shown atop the altitude scale of the PFD, will be reached. 25 The flight has been cleared to 31, 000 ft. 26. At 29, 000 ft, also known as flight level 290 Harry calls “Two thousand to go”. 27. At 17.55 UTC Victor Alpha levels out over the North Sea, approaching the Danish coast. 28. The take-off and climb to cruising altitude have taken 25 minutes, covered 240 nm and burned 7.8 tonnes of fuel. 29. The jumbo has a maximum operating altitude of 45, 500 ft but it won’t get that high tonight with its heavy fuel load. 30. Many years ago, the pilots would have allowed the jet to drift slowly higher, constantly seeking the most efficient altitude as it burned off fuel and became lighter. 31. It is sometimes possible now, too. 32. But now the pilots will use the “step-climb” technique. 33. They will start at FL 280 and step climb throughout the trip in 1, 000 ft, 2, 000 ft and even 4, 000 ft increments, always trying to bracket the ideal altitude. 34. The flight plan details the best points to climb higher, recommending 32, 000 ft by DOSUR, some 30 minutes ahead, then to 33, 000 ft by the China/Russia border and finally to 38, 500 ft shortly after. 35. That is the ideal profile but whether or not it happens depends on ATC. 36. The sun has set and the flight is racing into the night. 37. Daybreak will come in just over seven hours, hastened by the jet’s northeastbound progress. 38. PSY is 95 nm ahead and Hong Kong is 6, 554 nm beyond that. 39. The journey is well under way. Exercise 2.11.4 Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations. Побережье; захват; постоянно; торопить; зависеть от…; в значительной степени; смещаться; пересекаться; прирост; показывать; искать; рабочая высота; траектория; шкала; ступенчатый набор; нагрузка; маршрут; промежуточный пункт маршрута; справиться с задачей; арка. Exercise 2.11.5 What do the following abbreviations stand for?
Exercise 2.11.6 Find in the text synonyms for the following words and expressions. Strained; set up; lighten; greatly; tune; course; delineate; close; disentangle; cross; always; travel; through; increase; part; suggest; rush; hurry. Exercise 2.11.7 Match the word combinations and expressions in column A with those in column B.
Exercise 2.11.8 Fill in the gaps with the words from the text choosing from the ones given in brackets. 1. It is 17.30 _____ (UTC; local time; GMT). 2. Just 6 minutes have _____ (past; passed; pass) since take-off. 3. It has been a period of intense _____ (activity; activization; activeness). 4. With the aircraft _____ (set; extinguished; established) in the climb, the workload eases considerably. 5. Control of the flight is passed over to the next _____ (sectorization; sector; security). 6. Harry _____ (dials; deals; depends) up the new frequency of 124.92 MHz. 7. He waits for the controller to ____ (stop; resume; finish) a radio exchange with another flight before he clicks his microphone. 8. He reports that the Speedbird is ____ (flight; flying; flown) on heading 070°, passing flight level 92, and climbing to flight level 150. 9. London Control _____ (inspects; examines; instructs) the crew to fly direct to REDFA and to climb to flight level 230. 10. REDFA is a ____ (trip point; journey point; waypoint) over the North Sea. 11. It is selected as the ____ (working; direct; active) waypoint in the FMC. 12. LNAV is ____ (activated; approved; adopted). 13. The autopilot turns the jet on a direct _____ (way; travel; course) to the waypoint. 14. However, this work is soon _____ (unreal; unraveled; unrealized). 15. The controller calls back with instructions to ____ (maintain; reform; reset) a heading of 070°. 16. He passes ______ (authority; direction; control) of the flight to the next radar sector. 17. Once more, Harry checks in on a new _____ (radio station; wave; frequency). 18. The crew _____ (inform; advise; activate) the new controller that their present heading is 070 degrees, and that they are climbing to flight level 230. 19. The controller responds with _____ (cancellation; clearance; permit) to fly direct to SPY. 20. It is the ____ (VOR; FMC; PFD) just north of Schiphol airport in Amsterdam. 21. The English countryside is left ____ (in front; aside; behind) as the jet sets course for France. 22. The jet’s weather radar ____ (paints; calls; writes) the approaching coast of the Netherlands. 23. The PFD shows the jet climbing at 345 kt ____ (on; off; through) 23, 700 ft at 1, 200 fpm. 24. A green arc intersecting the track line on the ND ____ (implies; indicates; improves) where the selected altitude, shown atop the altitude scale of the PFD, will be reached. 25. The flight has been ____ (clear; clearing; cleared) to 29, 000 ft. 26. At 28, 000 ft, also known as flight level 280 Harry calls “One thousand to ____ (go; get; give)”. 27. At 17.45 UTC Victor Alpha ____ (levels; leaps; leaves) out over the North Sea, approaching the Dutch coast. 28. The take-off and climb to cruising altitude have taken 21 minutes, ____ (cover; covered; covering) 140 nm and burned 8.7 tonnes of fuel. 29. The jumbo has a maximum ____ (active; working; operating) altitude of 45, 100 ft but it won’t get that high tonight with its _____ (light; ordinary; heavy) fuel load. 30. Many years ago, the pilots would have _____ (let; made; allowed) the jet to drift slowly higher, constantly seeking the most _____ (effective; efficient; affected) altitude as it burned off fuel and became lighter. 31. That is no longer possible because of the _____ (emptier; open; busier) skies. 32. Instead the pilots will use the “step-climb” _____ (technique; device; principle). 33. They will start at FL 290 and step climb throughout the trip in 1, 000 ft, 2, 000 ft and even 4, 000 ft _____ (incidents; increments; invoices), always trying to bracket the ideal altitude. 34. The flight plan _____ (details; mentions; tells about) the best points to climb higher, recommending 33, 000 ft by DOSUR, some 40 minutes ahead, then to 33, 500 ft by the China/Russia _____ (boundary; wall; border) and finally to 37, 500 ft shortly after. 35. That is the ideal _____ (principle; profile; profit) but whether or not it happens depends on ATC. 36. The sun has set and the flight is _____ (running; going; racing) into the night. 37. Daybreak will come in just over six hours, hastened by the jet’s eastbound ____ (progress; process; processing). Exercise 2.11.9 Fill in the gaps with the necessary form of the words given in brackets. 1. It is 17.30 UTC. 2. Just 6 minutes have ____ since take-off. (PASS) 3. It has been a period of intense _____. (ACTIVE) 4. With the aircraft _____ in the climb, the workload eases _____. (ESTABLISH + CONSIDERABLE) 5. Control of the flight is _____ over to the next sector. (PASS) 6. Harry dials up the new _____ of 124.92 MHz. (FREQUENT) 7. He waits for the controller to finish a radio ______ with another flight before he clicks his microphone. (CHANGE) 8. He reports that the Speedbird is _____ on heading 070°, passing flight level 92, and climbing to flight level 150. (FLY) 9. London Control ____ the crew to fly direct to REDFA and to climb to flight level 230. (INSTRUCT) 10. REDFA is a way _____ over the North Sea. (POINTED) 11. It is _____ as the active waypoint in the FMC. (SELECT) 12. LNAV is _____. (ACTIVE) 13. The autopilot turns the jet on a ______ course to the waypoint. (DIRECTION) 14. However, this work is soon _____. (UNRAVEL) 15. The controller calls back with _____ to maintain a _______ of 070°. (INSTRUCT + HEAD) 16. He passes control of the flight to the next radar _____. (SECTORIZATION) 17. Once more, Harry checks in on a new _____. (FREQUENT) 18. The crew _____ the new controller that their present heading is 070 degrees, and that they are ______ to flight level 230. (INFORMATION + CLIMB) 19. The controller responds with _____ to _____ direct to SPY. (CLEAR + FLIGHT) 20. It is the VOR just north of Schiphol air ____ in Amsterdam. (PORTABLE) 21. The English countryside is _____ behind as the jet sets course for France. (LEAVE) 22. The jet’s weather radar paints the ______ coast of the Netherlands. (APPROACH) 23. The PFD ____ the jet climbing at 345 kt through 23, 700 ft at 1, 200 fpm. (SHOW) 24. A green arc _____ the track line on the ND indicates where the selected altitude, shown atop the altitude scale of the PFD, will be _____. (INTESECT + REACH) 25. The _____ has been cleared to 29, 000 ft. (FLY) 26. At 28, 000 ft, also ____ as flight level 280 Harry calls “One thousand to go”. (KNOW) 27. At 17.45 UTC Victor Alpha levels out over the North Sea, ____ the Dutch coast. (APPROACH) 28. The take-off and climb to _____ altitude have _____ 21 minutes, covered 140 nm and burned 8.7 tonnes of fuel. (CRUISE + TAKE) 29. The jumbo has a maximum _____ altitude of 45, 100 ft but it won’t get that high tonight with its _____ fuel load. (OPERATOR + HEAVILY) 30. Many years ago, the pilots would have _____ the jet to drift ____ higher, ______ seeking the most efficient altitude as it burned off fuel and became lighter. (ALLOW + SLOW + CONSTANT) 31. That is no _____ possible because of the busier skies. (LONG) 32. Instead the pilots will use the “step-climb” _____. (TECHNOLOGICAL) 33. They will _____ at FL 290 and step climb throughout the trip in 1, 000 ft, 2, 000 ft and even 4, 000 ft increments, always _____ to bracket the ideal altitude. (STARTING + TRY) 34. The flight plan details the best points to climb higher, _____ 33, 000 ft by DOSUR, some 40 minutes ahead, then to 33, 500 ft by the China/Russia border and ____ to 37, 500 ft shortly after. (RECOMMEND + FINALITY) 35. That is the ideal profile but whether or not it _____ depends on ATC. (HAPPEN) 36. The sun has set and the flight is _____ into the night. (RACE) 37. Daybreak will come in just over six hours, _____ by the jet’s eastbound progress. (HASTEN) Exercise 2.11.10 In the list below the box find a definition for the given words.
1. amount of work done by somebody 2. altitudemeasured in units of 100 feet above a standard sea level with barometric pressure reference of 1013.2 hectopascals 3. an en route position used for navigation, position reporting, holding etc. which may be overhead a navigation beacon or defined by its co-ordinates or distance and direction from a navigation beacon 4. an electronic device which can detect the direction and range of an aircraft or weather system by analyzing the short wave-length radio signals it transmits, which are reflected back from the target 5. authorization from Air Traffic Control for a flight to proceed under specific conditions 6. a service provided by an appointed authority to promote the safe, orderly and expeditious movement of aircraft 7. a line dividing two countries 8. a material used to produce heat energy by burning 9. the land bordering the sea 10. an instrument that changes sound waves into electrical current Exercise 2.11.11 Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Всего 6 минут прошло с момента взлета. 2. Это был период интенсивной деятельности, но после того, как самолет был установлен в режиме набора, нагрузка на экипаж существенно уменьшилась. 3. Управление полетом перешло к следующему сектору. 4. Гарри набирает новую частоту 124, 92 мегагерца. 5. Он ждет, пока диспетчер закончит радиообмен с другим воздушным судном, прежде чем щелкнуть своим микрофоном. 6. Второй пилот докладывает диспетчеру, что Спидберд следует курсом 070°, проходит в данный момент эшелон 92, набирая эшелон 150. 7. Диспетчер дает указание следовать прямо на точку REDFA и набирать эшелон 230. 8. REDFA – это промежуточный пункт маршрута над северным морем. 9. Это название заводят в бортовой компьютер управления полетом, и активизируется программа горизонтального эшелонирования. 10. Автопилот разворачивает воздушное судно, чтобы следовать напрямую в точку REDFA. 11. Однако скоро эта работа заканчивается, так как диспетчер вызывает экипаж опять, дает инструкцию выдерживать курс 070° и передает управление полетом локатору следующего сектора. 12. Снова Гарри регистрируется на новой частоте. 13. Он сообщает, что Спидберд выдерживает курс 070° и набирает эшелон 230. 14. Новый диспетчер откликается с разрешением следовать прямо на точку SPY. 15. Это ВОР севернее аэропорта в Амстердаме. 16. Сельская местность Англии остается позади, когда воздушное судно берет курс на Францию. 17. Погодный локатор самолета обрисовывает приближающееся побережье Нидерландов. 18. Пилотский полетный дисплей показывает, что самолет проходит высоту 23700 футов со скоростью набора 1200 футов в минуту и летит со скоростью 345 узлов. 19. Зеленая арка, пересекающая линию пути на навигационном дисплее, показывает, в каком месте будет занята введенная в компьютер высота, которая отражается выше шкалы высот на пилотском полетном дисплее. 20. Воздушному судну разрешили набрать эшелон 290. 21. На 28 тысячах футов, которые известны также как эшелон 280, Гарри объявляет, что им осталось набрать еще одну тысячу футов, и воздушное судно переходит в горизонтальный полет над Северным морем, приближаясь к голландскому побережью. 22. Взлет и набор крейсерской высоты заняли 21 минуту, покрыли 140 морских миль и выработали 8, 7 тонны горючего. 23. Аэробус имеет максимальную рабочую высоту 45100 футов, но он не наберет такой высокий эшелон этой ночью со своим тяжелым грузом топлива. 24. Много лет назад пилоты бы позволили самолету медленно дрейфовать вверх в поисках наиболее эффективной высоты по мере выработки топлива и облегчения его веса. 25. Больше это невозможно из-за перегруженного неба. Вместо того пилоты будут использовать технику ступенчатого набора. 26. Они начнут на эшелоне 290 и будут набирать по ступенькам на протяжении всего полета кусочками по 1 тысяче, 2 и даже 4 тысячи футов, стараясь захватить идеальную для себя высоту. 27. План полета уточняет наилучшие точки для набора, рекомендуя высоту 33 тысячи футов к моменту пролета точки DOSUR приблизительно через 40 минут, затем 33500 футов у российско-китайской границы и, наконец, 37500 футов вскорости после этого. 28. Это идеальный профиль полета. 29. Случится ли все именно так, зависит от службы управления воздушным движением. 30. Солнце село, и самолет несется в ночь. 31. Рассвет наступит всего через шесть часов, ускоренный продвижением самолета на восток. 32. Точка SPY находится в 91 морской миле впереди. 33. Гонконг находится в 5554 морских милях еще дальше. 34. Путешествие уже хорошо продвинулось. Exercise 2.11.12 Make up your own sentences using the following words and word combinations. Intense activity, considerably, waypoint, scale, fuel load, throughout the trip in, bracket the ideal altitude, eastbound progress. Exercise 2.11.13 Retell the text. Unit 3
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