The for-to-Infinitive ConstructionКонструкция «Инфинитив с предлогом for» В этой конструкции именной элемент, выраженный существительным или местоимением и связанный вторичной предикативной связью с инфинитивом, имеет перед собой предлог for. Перевод оборота зависит от выполняемой им функции, при этом предлог for опускается, а весь оборот — инфинитив с существительным (местоимением) с for — переводится инфинитивом или придаточным предложением, где инфинитив английского предложения соответствует глаголу в личной форме, т. е. функции сказуемого русского перевода, а стоящее перед инфинитивом существительное — подлежащему, соответственно выполняемой данным оборотом функции. Вся конструкция выступает в функции одного члена предложения:
Exercises
Ex. 1. State the form of the infinitive.
1. Aunt Ann didn’t ask him to explain this strange utterance. 2. I would give a great deal to know what is behind that affair. 3. With a woman’s instinct when the trouble is to be faced she went to the battle with a glance as courageous as old Jolyon’s itself. 4. There is only one more incident to be related here, and it happens seven years farther on. 5. But these people are illogical, they want to be reassured by your telling them what they want to believe. 6. “When you’ve got time to listen,” he said crossly, “you might be interested in discussing the poor house question with me”. 7. Now he discussed what he ought to have said instead of what he said. 8. I was not going to have come all this way for nothing. 9. “The sound was very slight”, said Virginia. “It might have been just my imagination”. 10. Though his father is known to have been either English or Irish, he himself has worked chiefly in Paris. 11. At that hour people were less likely to be coming in or going out. 12. It is possible that you in England may not even have heard of our famous and fantastic King Victor. 13. “It is a very curious thing,” he said slowly, “but Miss Marple happens to have hit upon the truth.” 14. I felt she must be suffering, and I did not want to see a pain which I could not help. 15. Well, I thought it would be a good thing if I was thought to be going. Ex. 2. Give all the possible forms of the following infinitives.
To do, to study, to live, to sit, to lie, to raise, to set, to sell, to leave, to go, to inform, to like, to write, to run, to make. Ex. 3.
Choose the correct form of the infinitive so as to complete the sentence. 1. There was nothing … (to fear, to be feared). 2. Before I had governess I had been to the vicarage (to teach, to be taught) by the curate. 3. I dislike (to discuss, to be discussed) as though I weren’t there. 4. I think he might not be flattered (to call, to be called) romantic. 5. She felt protective towards him which was a strange way (to feel, to be felt). 6. “I am beginning (to appreciate, to be appreciated)”, he cried. 7. “What disobedient children!” cried the old Water-Rat. “They really deserve (to punish, to be punished)”. 8. That is always a very dangerous thing (to do, to be done). 9. The last item on the programs was a grand display of fireworks (to let off, to be let off) exactly at midnight. 10. She loved (to hear, to be heard) of my father’s adventures when he returned home. Ex. 4. Use the infinitive in brackets in the perfect or non-perfect form. Translate the sentences.
1. She was relieved (to feel) she need not investigate, and probably would never hear the reason for this quarrel. 2. She had tried (to give) her a ring for Christmas, and failing that, got her (to accept) a gold watch but that must (to cost) two hundred dollars. 3. I started (to walk) on tiptoe. 4. She is not likely (to take) him into her confidence. 5. I’ve tried (to plan) you a house here with some self-respect of its own. 6. She would appear to listen and would remember nothing inconvenient, since her mind was sure (to be dwelling) on some problem connected with the children all the time. 7. We must (to sit) there, with scarcely a word, for well over an hour. 8. He promised (to come) and (to see) them before he left. 9. I’m deeply sorry (to involve) you in this. 10. “Now, I must (to go),” said the man, “and you, young ladies, walk off home.” Ex. 5. Define the forms of the following infinitives. Use them in your own sentences.
To desert, to have been repaired, to be staying, to be improved, to have been watching, to be followed, to have been shown, to be changing, to have been listening, to be despised. Ex. 6. Respond to the following questions or statements, using the phrases from the list below.
1. I see you haven’t read this article. 2. Why didn’t you go to the country? 3. They say you work hard now. 4. Why didn’t you buy a new dictionary for him? 5. Let’s forget it. 6. You are going to write a letter, aren’t you? 7. Will you go to the cinema with us? 8. You seem to have insulted him. 9. I’ll be glad to drop in. 10. You must join them the sooner the better. 11. Have you anything else to tell me? ____________ I don’t think I want to; I’m glad to; I know I have to; I didn’t have spare time to; I didn’t mean to; Not so much as I have to; I’m sorry I didn’t mean to; You are always welcome to; He didn’t ask me to; I intended to. Ex. 7. Choose the most suitable verb from the box and make it the subject of the sentence.
1. … a friend with such noble ideas is a great privilege. 2. … so much means ruining one’s health. 3. … in for sports is one of the best ways to harden oneself. 4. … books in the original is very useful for those who study foreign languages. 5. Does this mean that … is the same thing an to utter words? 6. … you some of the rare pieces here will be my pleasure. 7. … into bed that night was a relief. 8. It would be dreadful … something below Collision standards on such an important occasion. 9. It would be almost impossible … him, I was sure. 10. … them would be interesting, I thought.
Ex. 8. Find the subject, the predicate and the object in the following sentences. Translate them.
1. То explain this simple fact is not so very easy. 2. To give a true picture of the surrounding matter is the task of natural science. 3. To compare the flow of electricity along a conductor with that of a liquid in a pipe has become familiar. Ex. 9. Translate the sentences with the introductory it.
1. It is to be expected that those elements will unite. 2. It is to be noted that... 3. It is to be anticipated that... 4. It is to be emphasized that... 5. It is to be understood that... 6. It is to be remembered that... Ex. 10. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the function of the infinitive as part of a predicate.
1. One way of obtaining hydrogen is to pass electric current through water. 2. This element is to be found free in nature. 3. The melt is about to crystallize. 4. The explosion must have occurred long ago. 5. When a substance is to be prepared on a commercial scale the method chosen must utilize inexpensive and readily available materials. 6. No living beings could have survived in such a climate. 7. Our present concern will be to discuss the information obtained during the flight. 8. We are to study the main laws of physics. 9. Life may have existed on that planet. 10. The band theory which we are about to discuss makes rather useful statements. 11. In our experiment we were to compare the two gases. 12. New sources of cheap energy are to be found. 13. Helium was about to liquefy. 14. Some problems of science could not have been solved without isotopes. 15. It is believed that these rocks could not have been more than 5000 years old.
Ex. 11. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the function of the infinitive as an attribute.
А. 1. The solution to be filtered was poured into a vessel. 2. Many ores to be found in this district are of great value to the industry. 3. That method makes use of the low solubility of the substance, a property about to be described. 4. We observed the evaporation of water, a phenomenon to be more fully described later. 5. The explanation will probably be considerably modified in the years to come. B. 1. The method to be followed is based upon some peculiar properties of these rays.2. The procedure to be followed depends upon the substance being tested.3. The material to be attacked by the rays is placed on the screen.4. Here are some more figures to be referred to later. C. 1. Dalton was the first to deduce scientifically an atomic theory from experimental data.2.The first trans-uranium element to be made was an neptunium isotope Np233.3. This author is the first to note definitely the crystallization of vitreous silica.4. Alpha-radiation was the first radiation to be studied in detail.
D. 1. There was only one signal to be detected. 2. There are some other properties of water to be considered at this point. 3. There is a particular question to be discussed at length. 4. Neutrons serve as particles with which to bombard nuclei. 5. There is not very much experimental data on which to base a decision between these two possibilities. 6. When a crystal expands each molecule gets somewhat larger space in which to carry out thermal oscillation. E. 1. The amount of polonium to be obtained from a uranium mineral can be simply calculated. 2. There are some other groups of compounds to be mentioned. 3. Joule was the first to note definitely this phenomenon. 4. The procedure to be followed in making the acid extractions depends on whether or not starch is present in the mixture. 5. There are only a finite number of wave numbers to characterize electronic states. 6. Polonium was the first of the radioactive elements to be isolated by the chemists. 7. This theory will be adequate for practical applications through centuries to come. Ex. 12. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the function of the Infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose, result, attendant circumstances. 1. SО2 decomposes to yield sulphur and oxygen. 2. It is too early yet to properly weigh the significance of this method. 3. To test the accuracy of the method, prepare a solution of known composition of these acids. 4. The frequency was so high as nearly to equal the frequency of infrared rays. 5. Diamonds are cut, and their faces are ground and polished so as to reflect and refract light beams.6. The concentration of the reactants is altered in such a manner as to reduce the velocity of the reaction. 7. Occasionally a surface molecule will become so agitated as to break loose from its neighbours and to fly off into the surrounding space. 8. Molecules are too small to be seen even with the most powerful microscope. 9. Elements combine to produce a compound. 10. To explain the pressure of gases and their diffusion, it is generally supposed that all substances are made of very minute particles called molecules. Ex. 13. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the function of the infinitive as parenthesis. 1. То sum up, there are two features of atomic structure which we must bear in mind. 2. To begin with, one can say that an electric current is the result of a flow of electric charges. 3. To take an example, let us go back to the cell which has been described earlier in this chapter. 4. To be sure, a great progress in chemistry has been made in the last few decades. 5. Uranium, thorium and radium — to mention only a few of the series — all are radioactive. 6. To go back to the analogy of the solar system, the electrons revolve around the nucleus like planets around the sun. 7. Electricity and magnetism are the same things seen from different points of view, or, to put it in another way, they are both names for the way in which everything behaves when we examine sufficiently closely. Ex. 14. Study the functions of the infinitives. State their forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. It was a horrible thing to have a spy in one’s house. 2. It is hard to see inside the head of the brave. 3. To prolong this discussion is to waste time. 4. I intend to take a studio in Paris. 5. She was really pleased to see you. 6. I loved to ride and was very interested to explore new parts. 7. I find it difficult nowadays to travel without her. 8. I knew I could paint a miniature to compare with the greatest artists. 9. He had instructions to take us to the dining-room when we were ready. 10. There was nothing to be done. 11. She was the first to break the silence. 12. As he bent to kiss her she moved her face. 13. He said he had come to take us down. 14. I thought you did it to encourage me, … to give me confidence. 15. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. 16. You are too wise to understand that. 17. I’ve been out of the war long enough to know where I stand. 18. Grawell had gone to Rome, to be sent back to America. 19. He went out into the street to find himself alone. 20. But life isn’t hard to manage when you’ve nothing to loose. 21. She was certainly lovely to look at. 22. They had to run awful risks. 23. Soon I began to under stand him. 24. She stopped as if to ask him a question. 25. To tell you the truth, the park deserves its name only in winter. 26. I was hungry enough to enjoy my coffee and rolls. 27. To be exact, it was in 1924.
Ex. 15. Use the verbs in brackets in the required firm.
1. I like (to give) presents to friends, but even more I like (to give) gifts. 2. She is so lucky (to have) such a good family, (to see) all live and care since childhood. 3. The dictionary seems (to belong) to my great-grandfather. It appears (to publish) ages ago. 4. The young man seemed (to study) Marion, and she gave him a cold stare. 5. The key to the clock was believed (to lose) some twenty years before. 6. One more window remained (to wash). 7. The child is so pale! She ought (to have) a change of food and air. 8. Well, sir, I want (to take) my words back. I’m sorry (to call) you names. 9. The case was urgent. The man had (to operate on). 10. He was sorry (not to notice) the fax on the secretary’s table. 11. But what kind of rules might (to require)? 12. The rules (to leave) to the Government to decide. 13. Everybody is going (to give) a rise. 14. Parenthood, someone once said, is the only 24-hour-a-day job for which you (not to pay) overtime. 15. The country is considered (to make) enormous progress this year. 16. English people don’t like (to tell) what to do.
Ex. 16. Translate into English using infinitives.
1. Я счастлива пригласить вас на вечер. 2. Хочу, чтобы мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Роберт не собирается обвинять. 4. Он не предполагал, что его обвинят. 5. Мне жаль, что побеспокоила вас. 6. Дети любят выдумывать разные истории. 7. Он, кажется, знает всех в городе. 8. У меня создалось впечатление, что моему хозяину нельзя угодить. 9. Теперь ваша очередь рассказать мне о себе. 10. Мы поднялись на главную трибуну (the grandstand), чтобы наблюдать скачки. 11. Простите, что разбудил вас. 12. Мне не нравится, когда меня обманывают. 13. Вы сошли с ума, если думаете, что я пошевелю хоть пальцем (to raise a finger), чтобы помочь вам. 14. Я рад, что дал вам эту книгу. 15. Она увидела меня, улыбнулась, и я вышел ей навстречу. Ex. 17. Complete the following sentences using infinitives.
1. The idea was …. 2. What I want is …. 3. The main point is …. 4. To travel means …. 5. The only thing to do was …. 6. To tell a white lie is …. 7. To live is …. 8. To be up to date means …. 9. My telephone number is …. 10. This girl is …. 11. The secret of life is …. Money is …. 13. This code is …. Ex. 18. Use to before the infinitives where possible.
1. We did everything we could … make him … join us. 2. You can’t … make me… do what I don’t want …. 3. Are sure you can … afford … waste another year? 4. You need … take more care of yourself. 5. It would be very foolish … let the child … have his way. 6. Let the next student … come in now. 7. We’d rather … take a train than … fly. 8. Why not … go with us? Let’s … have fun! 9. You’d better … stay in bed not … make your cold … get worse. 10. I need a car … get to my country-house. 11. We heard the postman … come up to the front door and then we saw him … slip a thick envelope into the box. 12. He can’t but … admire her beauty and talent. 13. You ought … have told me all this before. 14. We got them … rebuild the house. 15. He was seen … enter the house through the back door. 16. – What made you … terrorize me? – I was made … do it. Will you be able … let your son … decide his future?
Ex. 19. Make up sentences using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically.
1. to start with; 2. to make a long story short, 3. not to speak; 4. to say honestly; 5. to tell the truth; 6. so to speak; 7. to be quite truthful; 8. to speak candidly; 9. to go into particulars; 10. to be more exact. Ex. 20. Translate into English using infinitives. 1. Жизнь слишком коротка, чтобы понапрасну тратить время. 2. Мисс Темпл поднялась рано, чтобы успеть на первый автобус. 3. Сказать правду было невозможно для нее, и поэтому ей пришлось придумать историю. 4. Новость была слишком хороша, чтобы поверить в нее. 5. Кто говорит, что жизнь скучна? Ведь есть книги, которые можно читать, картины, которыми можно восхищаться, музыка, которая может соответствовать нашему настроению. 6. Он недостаточно жесток, чтобы сказать ей это в лицо. 7. Не волнуйся, мы встретимся, чтобы поговорить за рюмкой коньяка и решить все проблемы человечества. 8. Я решил прогуляться, но пошел мелкий дождь, и мне пришлось вернуться домой. 9. Бетси имела обыкновение подниматься в мою комнату, чтобы рассказать мне историю перед сном. 10. Дети начали смеяться все сразу, чтобы через минуту понять, как жестока была шутка. 11. Хильда Робертс достаточно умна, чтобы быть самой лучшей ученицей в классе. 12. Оратор выдержал значительную паузу в начале речи, чтобы привлечь внимание аудитории. 13. По правде говоря, ты достаточно взрослый, чтобы решить, что хорошо для тебя. 14. Синди планирует работать все лето, чтобы заработать деньги на юридическую школу. 15. А теперь я лучше остановлюсь, чтобы не вызвать новых проблем, мягко говоря. 16. У нее власть управлять людьми. И как же трудно иметь с ней дело! 17. Они понимали, что у них недостаточно акций, чтобы получить контроль над компанией. 18. Ты слишком молод, чтобы уйти в отставку. 19. Любить значит жертвовать. 20. Слова этой песни легко запомнить.
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