Контрольная работа № 2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залогВариант 1 Задание 1. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. This commercial bank had already stopped to exist when the war started. A great deal of this equipment is sold to the common market countries. The price problem is paid great attention to in our firm. Your friend will be writing a test at this time on Monday.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык. We thank you for inquiry received on 21st June. The goods were delivered a few days ago. When passing through an electroscope, x-rays cause it's discharge. The machines had been inspected some weeks ago.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты, переведите на русский язык. You'll have to go on business next month. I can not promise you anything. You may order a taxi by telephone. He said that I must do it myself. We are to pay for the services in dollars.
Задание 4. Переведите письменно следующий текст и заучите слова активного словаря. Wholesaling is a part of the marketing system. It provides channels of distribution which help to bring goods to the market. Generally indirect channels are used to market manufactured consumer goods. It could be from the manufacturer to the a wholesaler, from the retailer to the consumer or through more complicated channels. A direct channel moves goods from the manufacturer or producer to the consumer. Wholesaling is often a field of small business, but there is a growing chain movement in the western countries. About a quarter of wholesaling units account for one-third of total sales. Two-third of the wholesaling middlemen are merchant wholesalers who take title to the goods they deal in. There are also agent middlemen who negotiate purchases or sales or both. They don't take title to goods they deal in. Sometimes they take possession though. These agents don't earn salaries. They receive commissions. This is a percentage of the value of the goods they sell. Wholesalers simplify the process of distribution. For example, the average supermarket stocks 5.000 items in groceries alone, a retail druggist can have more than 6.000 items. As s wholesaler handles a large assort of items from numerous manufacturers he reduces the problem of both manufacturer and retailer. The store-keeper does not have to deal directly with thousands of different people. He usually has a well-stocked store and deals with only a few wholesalers.
Active Vocabulary wholesaling - оптовая торговля to provide channels - обеспечивать системой (сбыта) indirect channels - непрямая, опосредованная система (сбыта) complicated channels - сложная система (сбыта) a retailer - розничный торговец chain movement - движение к объединению wholesale unit - (зд.) контора по оптовой торговле
Вариант 2 Задание 1. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. If they increase their exports to the Third World countries their net profits will be much higher. Our advertising people are producing a new catalogue at the moment. These models have never been manufactured at this factory. We were shown different samples of goods.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык. The equipment indicated in Contract was delivered on 30th July. We are discussing the terms of payment now. When frozen water becomes a solid. While speaking of the peaceful uses of atomic energy in our country it is necessary to mention the ice-breaker "Lenin".
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите на русский язык. All these documents are to be presented to the bank. After what had happened I couldn't trust him. Must she prepare her homework today? The company has to cover the costs by all means. I should advise you not to go there.
Задание 4. Переведите письменно следующий текст и заучите слова активного словаря. This system of buying goods became very common during the first halt of the twentieth century. Today a large proportion of all the families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by hire-purchase. In the USA the proportion is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 per cent of their income on hire-purchase installments. The goods bought by hire-purchase are, in almost every case, goods that will last - radio and television sets, washing-machines, refrigerators, motor-cars and motor-cycles and articles of furniture. The price of an article bought in this way is always higher than the price that would be paid for cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays a proportion, perhaps one- quarter or one- third of the price when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price has been paid. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. Hire purchase has advantages and disadvantages. It helps newly-married couples with small incomes to furnish their homes. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps trade and employment. If families are paying each month installments on such household goods as a washing-machine and a car, they can spend less money (or perhaps no money) in useless or perhaps harmful ways, for example, on too much alcoholic drink. There is, however, the danger that when trade is bad, hire-purchase buying may and make trade much worse, with, as a result, a great increase in unemployment. This is why, in some countries, the Government controls hire-purchase by fixing the proportion of the first payments and the installments.
Active Vocabulary common - обычный, привычный, распространенный household goods - товары домашнего обихода hire-purchase - покупки в кредит goods that will last - товары длительного пользования cash - наличные деньги payment - плата interest – процент
Вариант 3 Задание 1. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. This bank was making loans to corporations during two months last year. The instruments included in this specification will be tested separately. The price problem has been settled. We are looking for a supplier who can meet an order of 23000 sweaters at one time.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством, или частью глагола - сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык. The improved model has been offered to different firms. We are enclosing with this letter our latest catalogue. As seen from the Contract these engines, will be delivered by the end of the week. When heated to the boiling point water evaporates.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите на русский язык. He has to get up early morning. His work starts at 8 o'clock. Can I use your telephone? Your friend may have taken this book. Oh, Tom you shouldn't have done what you did. You must not miss this film.
Задание 4. Переведите письменно следующий текст и выучите лексику активного словаря. All products and all services have prices. The price depends on different things such as credit terms, delivery, trade-in-allowance, guarantees, quality and other forms of service which price can produce the biggest profit during a long period of time. It's hardly possible to determine such a price. The price may be too high to produce a large volume or too low to cover cost. No other area of marketing operations has been a subject to bad practice. Many business pursue unsound price policies for long periods of time and are not aware about it. Prices can be determined in different ways. For example, the prices of wheat, cotton and other agricultural prices can be decided in large central markets where forces of supply and demand exist. This is pure price competition. The prices on industrial products (iron, steel, etc.) are usually decided by large companies. As a rule the amount and price of goods sold to large number of buyers is controlled by a few competing sellers. Prices also can be set by the government, usually for different public services - railroads, electricity, manufactured gas, bus services, etc. Demand increases, prices rise, profits expand and new investment is attracted. But other factors may be involved as well. Prices are related to each other in different ways. Ultimately, everything is related in price, since the consumer can buy and must pay for everything out of a particular, limited amount of money.
Active Vocabulary
credit terms - кредитные условия trade-in-allowance - сумма денег, отданная за старую вещь, и включенная в счет покупки новой to cover costs - покрывать затраты to pursue unsound price policies - вести неразумную ценообразовательную политику supply and demand - предложение и спрос price competition - конкуренция в ценообразовании to set prices - устанавливать цены
Вариант 4 Задание 1. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его временно-видовую форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. The samples will be ready in three or four weeks. They are producing a new model at the moment. The company has issued the additional stocks. The improved model has been offered to different firms.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык. The instruments included in this specification will be tested separately. While making his experiment the lab assistant put down all the necessary data. We are having a business talk with our foreign partners. If carefully programmed, the computer makes no errors.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите на русский язык. He has to inspect the work of this branch once a year. I cannot do it today. It may rain in the evening. The equipment is to be manufactured in accordance with the conditions of the Contract. You can buy newspapers, cigarettes, cookies from a vending - machine.
Задание 4. Переведите письменно текст и выучите лексику активного словаря. Retailing is selling goods and services to the ultimate consumer. Thus, the retailer is the most expensive link in the chain of distribution. Being middlemen, they make their profit by charging the customer 25 to 100 per cent more than the price they paid for the item. The retailers operate through stores, mail-order houses, vending machine operators. There are different types of retail stores: department stores, discount houses, cooperatives, single line retailers. The major part (over 95 per cent) of retail establishments concentrate on a single line of merchandise for example, food, hardware, etc. But nowadays there is a trend for many single line stores to take on a greater variety of supplies. The retailer performs many necessary functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Second, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer helps to promote the product through displays, advertising or sales people. Fourth, the retailer can finance the customer by extending credit. Also the retailer stores the goods in his outlet by having goods available.
Active Vocabulary retailing - розничная цена ultimate consumer - конечный потребитель a link - звено, связь mail-order house - посылторг vending machine operator - оператор торговых автоматических машин (продающих мелкие товары: газеты, сигареты и т.д.) discount house - магазин с относительно низкими ценами на товары a cooperative - кооператив single line retailer - розничный торговец, продающий какой-либо один товар to perform functions - выполнять функции extending credit - длительный кредит an outlet - рынок сбыта, торговая точка discount - скидка Вариант 5 Задание 1. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. The commercial documents will be sent immediately. Good results have been achieved in laboratory tests. Our regular customers are given a discount. We are doing business with many firms in Eastern Europe.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть частью глагола-сказуемого, переведите предложения на русский язык. We'll test the machines on the dates stipulated in the Contract. We are expecting that our profits will be increased. Unless tested the equipment must not be delivered. The machine used showed good results.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык. I'll be busy on Monday morning, so I'll have to make an appointment for Tuesday morning. He is able to phone us twice a week. We should send an inquiry to the sellers. I must hurry, I must warn him of the danger. You may take this book.
Задание 4. Перепишите письменно текст и выучите лексику активного словаря. Marketing includes all the business activities connected with the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers. Sometimes it is called distribution. On the one hand, marketing is made up of such activities as, transporting, storing and selling goods and, on the other hand, a series of decisions you make during the process of moving goods from producer to user. Marketing operations include product planning, buying, storage, pricing, promotion, selling, credit, traffic and marketing research. The ability to recognize early trends is very important. Producers must know why, for what purpose the consumers buy. Market research helps the producer to predict what the people will want. And through advertising he attempts to influence the customer to buy. Marketing operations are very expensive. They take up more than half of the consumer's dollar. The trend in the USA has been to high man consumption. The construction of good shopping centres has made goods available to consumers. It provided a wide range of merchandise and plenty of parking facilities.
Active Vocabulary a producer - производитель a consumer - потребитель a user - потребитель distribution - сбыт, распределение marketing - продажа, сбыт, маркетинг transporting - транспортировка storing - складирование storage - хранение product planning - разработка новых продуктов pricing - калькуляция цен promotion - содействие в продаже (какого-либо товара), например, с помощью рекламы traffic - торговля marketing research - изучение рынка сбыта a trend - тенденция, общее направление to predict - предсказывать to influence – влиять
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