FORCE MAJEUREFor majeure is a force against which you cannot act or fight. Every contract has a force majeure clause. It usually includes natural disasters such as an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. It can also list such contingences as war, embargo, sanctions. Along with this there are some other circumstances beyond the Sellers control. The Seller may find himself in a situation when he can't fulfill his obligation under the Contract. It may happen if there is a general strike in the country, a strike of coal-miners, transport workers, etc. Production may be suspended if there is a shortage of the energy supply. When negotiating a contract a list of contingencies must be agreed on and put into the Contract. When a manager makes up a contract he must not thing only of his one-sided interest. He must think in terms of common interest with his counterpart. Only then will be prove loyal to his partner. In case of a contingency the Seller must notify the Buyers of a force majeure. The Article of the Contract to this effect may run: "Should the Seller fail to notify the Buyer of a contingency the Seller is denied a right to rebber to these circumstances". The Seller is to notify the Buyer of a contingency right away. If it's done in due time the Buyer may take immediate action to protect his interest. He may sign a contract with another supplier on similar terms or if it's impossible he will secure the best possible terms he can have at the moment. If prices are rising he will be quick to act and will do everything possible to negotiate the best price obtainable at the moment. A force majeure must be a proven fact. The Seller is to submit to the Buyer a written confirmation issued by the Chamber of Commerce to this effect. The certificate testifies that a contingency really took place. It describes its nature and confirms its duration. In a dispute between Buyer and the Seller not only the fact of a contingency is to be ascertained. The Seller must have evidence that non-execution of a contract or its partial fulfillment is a direct result of a contingency. If it is proved the Seller is not liable and the execution of a contract is postponed until all the after-effects causing damage are elinimated. A natural disaster may last a few minutes but it'll take a lot of time to re cover the loss. Вариант 5 Задание 1. Перепишите предложения и письменно переведите их на русский язык. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям. She turned out to have cleaning the house since the morning. I know them to work hard. The result was expected to agree with the theoretical predictions. More than 100 elements are supposed to be there on the Earth. He seemed to know all about it.
Задание 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на перевод независимого (самостоятельного) причастного оборота. The cotton market capacity being limited, the emergency of more cotton supplying countries sharpened the contradictions of the market. Agricultural products account for one-half of the European Country's imports from overseas, the biggest items being grain, oils, and sugar. There being no other traffic on the road, we drove rather fast. Weather permitting, the airplane starts early in the morning. Light and food industries being modernized, much are being done to expand the production of consumer goods.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык письменно. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений различных типов. If we start off now we'll arrive there by dinner time. If the minutes have been circulated to members with the agenda there is no need to read them. I'll speak to him if I have a chance. Should the pumps stop working the underground water would overflow the mine. If they had completed the research, the result would have been discussed at the conference.
Задание 4. Перепишите и переведите текст.
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