SHALL/ WILLFormerly ‘will’ was kept for intention (I will wait for you = I intend to wait for you.) and ‘shall’ was used in the 1st person when there was no intention (I shall be 25 next week.) ‘Shall’ in the 1st person is still found in formal English, but is no longer common in conversation. Instead we normally use ‘will’: I will be 25 next week.
UNIT II: MODAL VERBS OF NECESSITY (‘Must’, ‘Have to’, ‘Be to’, Need’, ‘Should’/ ‘Ought to’) MUST The primary meaning is inescapable obligation. ‘Must’ is used for the present, near future and in the reported speech: You must finish it today. You must come tomorrow. He said you must come on time. MEANINGS: 1. Obligation/ necessity/duty: I’ve got terrible toothache. I must see the dentist. 2. Prohibition: You mustn’t park here. (it’s against the law) 3. Strong advice: You must read his new book. It’s great. 4. Emphatic invitations: You must come round and see us some day.(повинен) 5. Logical assumption: They must be the boy’s grandparents. (Напевно) A negative form is not used for this meaning. ‘Can’t’ or ‘couldn’t’ are used instead: They can’t be the boy’s parents.(Не може бути, щоб вони були…) “MUST “is rarely used for future probable actions. Present: He must be at home now. Past: He must have been at home yesterday. Future: He should be/ is bound to be/ will probably be at home tomorrow.
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