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Exercise 1. Analyse the following' sentences. How are the clauses joined? What type are they?

1. The house was ancient and very uncomfortable but he did not want to alter it. 2. There was one woman in front of him, and s came on and started making introductory noises. 3. Simon was confused, he did not know what to say. 4. He watched her go: he went to his window and watched her cross the courtyard below. 6. We looked at each other for a moment and then I turned away. 7. My watch had stopped, but I could tell the time from the hospital wall. 8. I shut my eyes, and a bit later I heard the door close. 9. My mother lives near Hastings now, so there is no cause to go back. 10. Of course I like him very much or I wouldn't think of marrying him. 11. I knocked on the door and there was no answer, otherwise I wouldn't have gone in. 12. Who did you speak to and what did you say?

Exercise 2. Point out sentences with a) syndetic and b) asyndetic coordination. Comment on the type of coordination and on the conjunctions used in a).

1. He wanted to say something, but changed his mind and kept silent. 2. She came home early, but her brother remained to the end of the concert. 3. The sun was shining brightly, the wind was not blowing. 4. I'll tell you about this country or my elder sister will do it. 5. never take the medicine and my friend doesn't take it either. 6. My aunt never goes to football matches while my uncle goes to the stadium every Sunday. 7.1 am going to hear this concert, so is my sister. 8. Bananas don't grow in the North, neither do pine-apples. 9. You never make spelling mistakes, and my friend never does it either. 10. She spoke in a low voice otherwise the patient could be disturbed. 11. That day the sea was stormy, and the people didn't bathe.12. You must study well, otherwise your teachers would think you are lazy. 13. The mother was sleeping, while the father was working in the yard. 14. They were close friends, so their conversation was easy and happy. 15. Either you believe me or I can't help you. 1-6. She became a prominent actress whereas her brother worked at the family farm. 17.1 wasn' t hungry, yet I asked for some food.

Exercise 3. Join the following simple sentences into a compound one using coordinating conjunctions.

1. She has much work to do at home. She is very busy with her studies at the institute. She is full of energy. She always fulfils her duties. 2. You did not seem interested in this performance. I did not invite you to go to the theatre with me. 3. My friend has been ill for a long time. She will catch up with the group. She is an excellent student.

Exercise 4. Using suitable coordinating conjunctions, convert the following simple sentences into compound ones

Model:It being stuffy in the room, I opened the window. Whereas it was stuffy in the room, I opened the window.

1. Our work being completed, we may have a good rest. 2. In spite of the snowstorm in the mountains, the geologists managed to carry out their work. 3. He blamed nobody except his younger brother. 4. Except the pianist himself all the people found the concert to be a success. 5. During the holidays I went to Kyiv to see an old friend of mine. 6. It being a nice little place, the host and the hostess were rather proud of it. 7. But for the umbrella he would have come home drenched and would have caught cold. 8. For all his experience in this branch of science, he is sometimes compelled to consult the professor.

Exercise 5 Complete the following so that compound sentences should be formed.

Model:She is small and thin, while (her children, to be ...). She is small and thin, while her children are tall and thick.

1. Both the friends were fond of music, so (they, to talk...). 2. The train started at 5 a. m., therefore (we, to get up...). 3. He was quite a young boy, nevertheless (everybody, to respect...). 4. Neither a telegram was sent, nor (a letter, to be written). 5.1 met him somewhere, but (I, not to remember...). 5. She is a delicate child, while (her brother, to be...). 6. He was not much afraid, yet (he, to ask...). 7. Either you will buy the tickets, or (I, to ask...). 8. Some people like hot weather, whereas (others, can't stand...).

Exercise 6 Point out sentences with a) syndetic and b) asyndetic coordination. Comment on the types of coordination and the conjunctions used in a).

1. would not listen to her, I thought her hard and cruel. (Dm Maurier). 2. She put her hands up to her cheeks, but her eyes seemed to look right into his. (Galsworthy). 3. He went out to his bedroom to get a book, and his heart began to beat violently, for she was there making the bed. (Galsworthy). 4. It was high summer, and the hay harvest was almost over. (Lawrence). 5. All the rooms were brightly lighted, but there seemed to be complete silence in the house. (Mu rdoch). 6. His eyes were bloodshot and heavy, his face a deadly white, and his body bent as if with age. (Dickens). 7. Time passed, and she came to no conclusion, nor did any opportunities come her way for making a close study of Mischa. (Murdoch).8. She often enjoyed Annette's company, yet the child made her nervous. (Murdoch).9. It was early afternoon, but very dark outside, and the lamps had already been turned on. (Murdoch).

10. A large number of expensive Christmas cards were arrayed on the piano; while upon the walls dark evergreens, tied into various clever swags of red and silver ribbon, further proclaimed the season. (Mu rdoch).11. had had no news of her in the hospital, but she wrote French with difficulty, and I couldn't read Vietnamese. (Greene). 12. Ashurst held out his hand; on the upturned palm he could feel the dew. (Galsworthy). 13. The rain fell softly, the house was quiet. (Collins). 14. Don't come near me with that look else I'll knock you down. (Eliot). 15. The room and the house were silent, only now and then the merriment of the billiard players was heard from above. (Bronte). 16. Hers (Lillian's) was not a soul that ever loved passionately, hence she could not suffer passionately. (Dreiser). 17. The moon went down, the stars grew pale, the cold day broke; the sun rose. (Dickens). 18. He must go, or they would overtake him. (Lawrence). 19. Mrs. Septimus Small let fall no word; neither did she question June about it. (Galsworthy). 20. reached Graden Wester before ten in the forenoon; for in those days I was an excellent pedestrian,... (Stevenson). 21. He had suffered heavy loss by his Italian transactions; and hence the sight of an Italian was hateful to him, and the principal part of his nightmare would naturally enough be played by one of that nation. (Stevenson). 22. The morning was grey, wild, and melancholy; the wind moderated before sunrise, and then went about, and blew in puffs from the shore; the sea began to go down, but the rain still fell without mercy. (Stevenson). 23. He was certainly in no hurry either. 24. The light went out, the curtains opened, and a man