Var. II

 

1. Insert the proper modal verb:

 

1) The Americans ____ come to terms with the fact that they ____ be equal partners with Europe and not simply chief shareholders.

2) Once this year the Treasury Secretary even argued that a victory by the US Olympic basketball team _____ help lift American morale.

3) The treaty ____ be imperfect, but it is necessary for American leadership and security.

4) People think they _____ not_____ worry about animal extinctions because zoos are saving them.

5) The prime minister is building a think tank without any of the checks and balances that ____ accompany it.

6) If diplomacy falls, war ____ well follow, and the consequences of this ____ be fully assessed.

7) I believe terrorism is an international problem and we ____ work together to deal with the problem.

8) There are disquieting aspects which ____ be addressed.

9) A new conflict with Iraq ____ not resemble the quick and relatively casualty-free expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991.

10) The prime minister ____ put his own house in order in the first place and then he ___ go abroad.

 

2. Insert the proper form of the Infinitive:

 

1) Argentina should (be) more cautious about borrowing during the period when capital flows to developing countries were abundant.

2) A financial safety net should (design) that will prevent the armies of unemployed from becoming armies of soldiers or refugees marauding around Central Europe.

3) Another unknown is how global warming may (affect) the cycle of water from sea, to sky, to Earth, with some scientists suspecting that this cycle may (speed) up.

4) This spring SETI, The Search for Extraterritorial Intelligence, will reach a milestone: it will (spend) a million years of computer time sifting electromagnetic noise from the sky.

5) The Republicans might not be (blame) for the recession but they should (hold) accountable for something much more serious: the undermining of America’s financial security.

6) The prime minister can (afford) to reject suggestions that he should (stay) at home rather than (travel) to India and Pakistan. Cancelling the trip would (signal) panic, and might (interpret) as an insult.

7) Although UN resolutions after the 1991 Gulf War ordered that Itaq (disarm), Saddam obstructed UN weapons inspectors through the 1990s and has barred inspections altogether since 1998.

8) We underestimated the Japan of the 1950s, and we will sadly (mistake) if we underestimate the Russia of the 1990s.

9) We ought to (turn) to the police long ago.

10) American diplomats said they embraced the hope widely shared at the United Nations that the Iraqi leader would (give) up his illegal weapons to the inspectors so war could (avert).

 

3. Translate into Russian:

 

1) Article 109 of the Maastricht Treaty said:” the currency composition of the Euro basket shall not be changed.”

2) This Constitution shall prevail over other European and national law, including treaties of the Union, should conflict arise.” (from a Constitution for the European Union)

3) Typically, a Russian ad agency would approach a TV producer and hand over $5,000 on behalf of its client. The producer would in turn dispatch a crew, with whom he divided the spoils.

4) Raising federal subsidies to farmers by more than $70 billion might well lead to a violation of existing World Trade Organization rules.

5) There are encouraging signs that Europe may emerge from this period prepared to take a greater role in maintaining security on the Continent. That would be healthy for both Europe and America.

6) The book on Clinton says he is a chameleon. It is true. But the larger truth may be that Clinton is the President of what has become a chameleon nation.

7) Argentina probably needed more reforms than other countries to promote competitiveness.

8) The US administration has much to do if it is to lay a legal, political and diplomatic foundation for the ambitious enterprise it has in mind.

9) The nest way to come out of a recession is to say to the small business person, “We’ll let you keep your own money.”

10) If the general is willing to meet the Israeli leader, understanding rather than misunderstanding ought to result.

 

 

GERUND

 

1. Replace the clauses below with Gerund:

1) She thought she would change the job.

2) I am thinking that some action should be taken.

3) He denied that he had stolen the documents.

4) They insist that I should do the job.

5)The manager admitted that he was wrong.

6) She suggested that we should go to the HR manager.

7) After she had written the letters, she made some phone calls.

8) When they had made a thorough study of the subject, they found that it was a great deal more

important than they had thought at first.

9) When he had graduated from the Academy, he left Saint-Petersburg and went to

his home town.

10) When he had proved that his theory was correct, he started studying ways and means of

improving the conditions of work in very deep coal mines.

2. Complete the sentences using the gerund form:

 

1) Everybody will discuss the event, there is no (prevent) it.

2) At last he broke the silence by (invite) everybody to walk into the conference hall.

3) On (tell) the news, she turned pale.

4) The place is worth (visit).

5) Can you remember (see) the man before?

6)She was terrified of (speak) to anybody, and even more, of (speak) to.

7) After (correct) by the manager, the document was returned to me.

8) (Tighten) borders is an imperfect solution.

9)People say they fear (leave) their homes unguarded.

10) He was quoted as (say) that these men have no sense of humour.

 

 

3. Underline the correct item:

 

1) The police advised everybody to stay/ staying clear of the area.

2) You are recommended not travelling/ to travel by tube as the service has been suspended.

3) I think you should give up to smoke/ smoking - it's not good for your health.

4) We would recommend staying/ to stay in after 7 p.m.

5) It's no use to go/ going to university if you don't intend to study.

6) The police require any members of the public with any information relating to the incident

to come / coming forward.

7) From the bus you can see/ seeing people working/ work in the fields.

8)Try to phone/ phoning him at the office if he is not at home.

9) He was promoted in 1990 and went on to become/ becoming a company director.

10) I'm afraid of to lose/ losing my job.

11) Remember to post/ posting the letters in the afternoon.

12) I remember see/ seeing this film before.

13) I prefer to listen/ listening to speak/ speaking.

14) I'd prefer to pretend/ pretending I didn't hear what you just said.

15) She regrets to spend/ spending so much money on the house.

 

4. Translate into Russian:

 

1) The personnel staff has the mission of setting policies which govern how personnel activities are developed.

2) The standard of living here is among the highest in Europe.

3) Immigrant labor has been key to maintaining this standard.

4) Some Italians see Berlusconi acting like a cheerleader, trying to lift the morale of a team.

5)"I am doing my duty as prime minister, spreading not panic but calm and keeing a cool head for everyone", said

Berlusconi.

6) Customs is responsible both for protecting society and facilitating international trade.

7) Customs must apply clear and stable rules whilst protecting society from unfair practices

and from the damage which results.

8) Actions are focused on continuing the simplification and rationalization of customs legislation.

9) Improving the service to traders is one of the customs responsibilities.

10) Technology has a role in creasing both the efficiency of inspecting cargo and the number of

consignments that can be inspected.

 

5. Put the verb in brackets in the Gerund form:

 

1) He was afraid of (take) for another person.

2) Under police questioning he admitted (invent) the story.

3) They started talking of Nicky and what chance the boy had of (choose) to play for the university during the following season.

4) In two years he seemed to have attained his simple ambition of (know) and (like) in such places

5) She mentioned (see) me on television the previous night.

6) He recalled (see) the car in front of the building.

7) We’ve gone too far; there is no (turn) back now.

8) I thought it was rather a waste of time of (go) back to Oxford.

9) Sometimes I think we ought to stop (treat) like that by the officials.

10) I might explain. But in the present it’s not worth (take) the trouble.

 

6. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate preposition, using the gerund form:

 

1) She reproached him….(come) too late

2) I thanked him …. (call) us.

3) She complained ….(treat) rudely.

4) Do you think she will agree …. his (join) the work?

5) I am not accustomed … (talk) in front of a large audience.

6) She is thinking…. (leave) the company.

7) Who is responsible …. (manage) the situation?

8) Nobody will object …. the meeting (postpone)

9) He was never good …. (play) chess

10) The man was looking forward …. (promote)

11) We know he is capable ….(lie)

12) If you can wait and not be tired …. (wait)

Or (lie) about, don’t deal in lies….

13) I would never dream … (allow) to work for such a company

14) Everybody was sure…. her (win) the contest

15) Jack was indignant …. (insult) by the people he thought he knew well.

16) What’s the use …..(work) over this stupid project?

17) The manager aimed …. (raise)

18) I could hardly refrain …. (tell) the whole story to them.

19) It’s very late. I am worried …. (miss)

20) We should do something to prevent accidents like this … (happen)

 

7. Translate into English:

1) У меня сложилось впечатление, что вы хотите меня обмануть

2) Я рад, что мне представилась возможность выступить на этой конференции

3) Была еще одна проблема, заключавшаяся в том, что переговоры велись на немецком и им требовался переводчик.

4) Перспектива работать в выходные привела всех в уныние.

5) Его опасения потерять работу были напрасны.

6) Существует много способов достижения этой цели.

7) Мне не нравится ваша манера вмешиваться в чужие дела.

8) Мне не представилось возможности обсудить с ними этот проект.

9)У него была привычка качать головой, когда он слушал

10) У дворца столпились люди в надежде увидеть королеву

11) У них было заведено устраивать короткие летучки каждое утро.

 

8. Put the verbs in brackets in the Ing-form or the Infinitive:

 

1) The idea (tell) us (stand) and (deliver) patriotism is, however, rather distasteful – like (tell), as a child, (do) your party piece for the relations on Boxing Day.

2) He has little sentiment when it come (deal) with the Left.

3) Western politicians have a long history (think) the answer to their problems lies abroad. In the 1930s, for instance, the Left in Britain longed (imitate) the managed economy of the Soviet Union.

4) No future Labor Prime Minister can risk (view) with apprehension by those who control the global purse strings.

5) It is extremely difficult, particularly in primary schools, (ensure) that we continue (improve) the quality of our education if we are going (continue) with the trend (make) classes bigger.

6) There had been hopes that the IRA would be willing (soften) its stance (decommission) weapons in the interests (get) substantive talks under way.

7) The Irish, desperate (meet) the presumed terms for an IRA ceasefire, the precondition for Sinn Fein’s inclusion in the talks, pressed for him (give) a role (chair) overall talks.

8) The Foreign Secretary welcomed an undertaking from the Italian government (liaise) with the Commission and other member states in an attempt (save) the Florence summit (wreck) by the beef row.

9) It prompted Mr Saufer (go) on the diplomatic offensive with a thinly-veiled threat (take) Mr Major to the European Court for an alleged breach of Article 5, which requires member states (not, jeopardize) the treaty’s goals.

10) British ministers recognized there could be no (turn) back. “John Major is in too deep now; he can’t afford (turn) back.”

11) Two recent reports criticized the company management (fail) (anticipate) demand and (check) leaks.

12) She said that instead (force) her family (recycle) its bath water, the company ought (recycle) its profits into (improve) supplies.

13) The company was committed (reduce) water loss through leakage from 29% in 1994-95 to 24%.

14) The spokesman said the toll would result …. Drivers (continue) (divert) to less suitable routes.

15) Tony Blair yesterday reopened the political controversy over parental discipline (admit) that he had smacked his three children when they were young. Despite (confess) in an interview that he had always “regretted (do) it”, his comments were seized upon by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

16) Four years ago Baroness David called for parents (ban) (smack) their children.

17) I find (be) a dad lot harder than (be) a politician.

18) His evidence amounted to a public challenge to Mr Howard (come up) with the funds (foot) the bill for his “prison works” policy.

19) Victorian wings in five prisons need (refurbish) at a cost of 15 million (provide) 1,500 of the places.

20) Euro 96 appears (have) a positive effect on supporters’ feelings about Europe. Two out of three who had an opinion favoured (remain) in the European Union. And 18 per cent of fans thought that (host) the finals would make the British (feel) more European

21) It makes us (have) (be) more vigilant (manage) and (monitor) situations.

22) Foreign hooligan spotters will also be based there, at ports, and at matches, (assist) British police (identify) likely trouble-makers.

23) He was distraught (learn) that he had only drunk enough (fill) half a carriage.

 

 

9. Translate into Russian:

 

1) Before embarking on projects like DMU (a defence and military union), the European Union's big job is to bring in new members from the East. That will mean, among other things, more majority voting in the council.

2) A spokesman for the British Foreign Office said the meeting «provided useful opportunity for consultations» before departingfor trips abroad.

3) The Belgian Prime Minister offered his resignation to the King in Brussels yesterday after failingto reconcile a cabinet split over tough new economic measures.

4) After spendingmost of the post-war era close to the nest, European women — and especially mothers — are taking jobs in record numbers.

5) On arrivingat London Airport from the UN Security Council meeting, the Foreign Secretary said that he thought a practical and effective resolution would emerge as a result of his talks with African Commonwealth delegates.

6) The national governments will have to stop behavinglike pigs at a trough, not just in hagglingover cash but also informing and guiding the EU Commission itself.

7) The President's «kitchen cabinet» of wealthy advisers, which gave him his start in politics and has played a crucial role in shapinghis ad ministration, has disbanded after a controversy over fund raising.

8) He insisted that France was as interested as anyone in bringingthe budget and agricultural spending in the EU under control.

9) The US President is able to increase support for his policy by explaining it energetically.

10) The constitution of France qualifies many of the president's powers by stipulating that the government should «determine and con duct national policy» and by making the prime minister «responsible for national defence».

11) By failing toagree upon any substantial reform of the Common agricultural policy (CAP), the heads of government have guaranteed that little progress will be made in any world trade talks. They have also made it unlikely that they will keep their own promise of cappingspending at the current level in real terms.

12)Only by bringingtough measures to control spending, including the runaway cost of farm subsidies, can the EU hope to create the conditions to accept members from Eastern and Central Europe.

13) The IMF keeps itself in business by winklingmoney out of rich nations such as the US and handlingit out to poorer brethren, who usually are poor because of gross economic mismanagement.

14) By not losing sightof the long-term objectives they made them selves masters and not servants or victims of economic forces operating in the world.

15) There is still time to let every new MP know what the British people want. It can be done bysendingresolutions from trade unions and other organizations, and by sendingdeputations to MPs.

16) They expect that the Prime Minister will try to suppress criticism by pleadingthat matters are at a delicate stage.

17) «Time» journalism began by being deeply interested in people, as individuals who were making history. We tried to make our readers see and hear and even smell these people aspart of a better understanding of their ideas — or lack of them.

18) Meanwhile the people and their representatives did what they were told without even the privilege of being informedof the decisions taken by their leaders.

19) European fund-management companies are obsessed with growingtheir asset bases by enteringnew markets or raisingtheir profiles in ones where they already do business.

20) The Fed chairman's carefully worded comments about the stock market drew few questions from committee members. They were preoccupied with trying to get him to take sides in the looming battle between the President and Congressional Republicans over Social Security, the federal budget surplus and tax cuts.