Read and translate the text.

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Each and every day, developers and designers are confronted with questions, and to answer those questions they need information which can help their designs fit the demands of tomorrow.

It is important, therefore, to have detailed insight into vehicle dynamics as well as into the interaction between people, vehicles, and the environment. And we must constantly bear in mind the needs of the elderly and handicapped for whom some­times modifications need to be quite substantial. All these aspects are part of the research remit of the TNO Automotive vehicle Dynamics Department.

One of the particular areas of research concerns the interaction between the tyre and the road surface. Tyres play an important, if not key role in the active safety of road vehicles.

TNO developed DELFT tyre to support car and tyre manufacturers with advanced, precision, force and moment tyre modeling tools. Unique measurements taken from both road and laboratory tests are the very heat of the development and the improvements of tyre models. DELFT tyre provides the engineer with a state of the art environment to optimize the vehicle's tyre-chassis system.

Fortunately, the elderly and handicapped are constantly becoming more mo­bile. Their vehicles are equipped with special devices that give them independent mobility often without any assistance. TNO collaborates with companies that specialize in modifying vehicles in this way.

In addition to consulting services, the vehicle Dynamics Department focuses on research into the interaction between the driver and the vehicle, driver and passenger safety in particular. And, of course, in terms of safety, the manner in which a wheel chair is fastened in a vehicle is absolutely crucial in the event of a collision.

TNO performs tests on wheel chairs and dummies on its crash test track with the aim of ascertaining the safety of the wheel chair and fastening systems. The information provided by these tests helps real chair manufacturers to improve the quality and safety of their products. To test the strength and durability of real chairs TNO has the very latest in test facilities which comply to ISO and SAE Directions. These facilities enable various operating circumstances to be simu­lated in durability tests.

Increasing road traffic intensifies the demands being made on drivers. TNO developed systems that can provide drivers with information or intervene in their actions. One of such systems is ISA. This system which receives signals from trans­mitters located in urban areas is able to automatically restrict vehicle's speed. Both vehicle and road influence each other. The Vehicle Dynamics department in collaboration with the Dutch Department of Transport and Public Works is studying this interaction. The weight of the heavy traffic contributes to the dam­age of roads and bridges, which in turn affects the safety of passing vehicles. The optimum balance between the vehicle and bridge construction can be determined from measurements taken of the bridge and the vehicles.

Within the automobile industry there is a need for objective and comparable testing on various makes and types of vehicles. TNO vehicle Dynamics provides these research results in the form of a vehicle dynamic data base. New models are regularly subjected to a number of standardized tests which make it possible to compare results.

Sensitivity to side winds is one of the areas of research. The data base creates a reference framework for future vehicle developments that enables the engineer to set the new product against comparable vehicles at an early stage of the develop­ment project.

One of the tests which has been carried out is lane changing. The conditions for performing this test are very precise. Certain tests may require the test vehicle to be equipped with particular devices to ensure that the measurements taken are totally objective and driver independent. In order to ensure the full compatibility of the results, tests are performed on a single permanent closed test track with a level; completely dry, road surface.

The vehicle's stationary cornering is also measured in these same conditions with the vehicle being driven at gradually increasing speeds around a circle plotted on the track.

TNO automotive research goes beyond the passenger cars.

The stability and handling performance of trucks are also a part of our research activities.

Using, tests like these, Vehicle Dynamics gathers data to develop and validate its computer simulation programmes which can be used to calculate and predict the stability and handling performance of trucks in various circumstances and situa­tions. This data can be used, for instance, to prevent trucks from tipping over.

II. Are the sentences true or false? Find false information and correct the sentences.

1. Within the automobile industry there is a need for objective and comparable testing on various makes and types of vehicles.

2. It isn’t important, therefore, to have detailed insight into vehicle dynamics.

3. TNO automotive research goes beyond the passenger cars.

4. Wings play an important role in the active safety of road vehicles.

5. We must constantly bear in mind the needs of the elderly and handicapped for whom some­times modifications need to be quite substantial.

ІІІ. Combine two parts of the sentences 1-7 with a-g to make one sentence.