| TYPE OF PLACE
Capital city cathedral city/town university city/town port coastal town industrial town seaside town agricultural town suburb country village mountain village fishing village
LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL
In the north/south/east/west of in the center of on the coast by the sea on the River(name) on/near Lake(name) in a valley at the mouth of the River (name) on a plain in the mountains near a forest/desert
SURROUNDING AREA
rural urban flat hilly mountainous fertile dry
BUILDING OR PLACES OF INTEREST
Church cathedral monument palace square museum opera house theatre town hall parliament buildings national art gallery university old city/quarter port market stadium
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GRAMMAR COMMENT
Present simple and present continuous. [1, p.132]
| Present Simple
Positive statement: I play, He plays Negative statement: I do not play (I don't play), He does not play (He doesn't play) Questions: Do you play? Does he play?
We only use -s ending (plays) and -es ending (does) in the third person singular.
The Present Simple is used for:
1. regular actions or events e.g. He plays tennis most weekends.
2. facts e.g. The sun rises in the east.
3. facts known about the future e.g. We leave at 8.30 next Monday
4. thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking e.g. I don't feel very well.
| The Present Continuous
Positive statement: I am playing, You are playing, He is playing Negative statement: I am not playing (I'm not playing), You are not playing (You aren't playing), He is not playing (He isn't playing) Questions: Are you playing? Is he playing?
The Present Continuous is used for:
1. the time of speaking ('now') e.g. Shh, I'm trying to hear what they are saying.
2. things which are true at the moment but not always e.g. We're looking for a new flat.
3. present plans for the future e.g. We're having dinner with them next week
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Look at these examples:
- I don't usually have cereals for breakfast but I'm having some this morning because there is nothing else.
- I often cycle to work but I'm taking the car this morning because it's raining very hard.
- I'm thinking about having my hair cut short but I don't think my husband will be very happy about it.
- My parents live in Washington but I'm just visiting.
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