A) Fill in the table using information from the text, add some more means of vehicle crash protection you’ve read or heard of. Report your groupmates about them.
| Means of vehicle crash protection
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| Frontal and side impact protection
| “Smart”, audible seat-belt reminders
| Alcohol interlocks
| On-board electronic stability programs
| Other
| Other
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B) Match the type of crash test with its description:
A crash test is a form of destructive testing usually performed in order to ensure safe design standards in crashworthiness and crash compatibility for various modes of transportation or related systems and components. There are several types of crash tests.
| | Types of crash tests
| | Description
|
| 1.
| Frontal-impact tests
| A.
| These forms of accidents have a very significant likelihood of fatality, as cars do not have a significant crumple zone to absorb the impact forces before an occupant is injured.
|
| 2.
| Offset tests
| B.
| They are used to ensure crash barriers and crash cushions will protect vehicle occupants from roadside hazards, and also to ensure that guard rails, sign posts, light poles and similar appurtenances do not pose an undue hazard to vehicle occupants.
|
| 3.
| Side-impact tests
| C.
| Often an old and big car against a small and new car, or two different generations of the same car model. These tests are performed to show the advancements in crashworthiness.
|
| 4.
| Roll-over tests
| D.
| Which is what most people initially think of when asked about a crash test. These are usually impacts upon a solid concrete wall at a specified speed, but can also be vehicle-vehicle tests. SUVs have been singled out in these tests for a while, due to the high ride-height that they often have.
|
| 5.
| Roadside hardware crash tests
| E.
| Which tests a car's ability (specifically the pillars holding the roof) to support itself in a dynamic impact. More recently dynamic rollover tests have been proposed as opposed to static crush testing.
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| 6.
| Old versus new
| F.
| Because of the cost of full-scale crash tests, engineers often run many simulated crash tests using computer models to refine their vehicle or barrier designs before conducting live tests.
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| 7.
| Computer model
| G.
| In which only part of the front of the car impacts with a barrier (vehicle). These are important, as impact forces (approximately) remain the same as with a frontal impact test, but a smaller fraction of the car is required to absorb all of the force. These tests are often realized by cars turning into oncoming traffic.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_test
Word-building: Revision
A) Write the correct form of the word in the space:
1) Why did you do that? We thought you had more (intelligent).......... than that.
2)..... to the museum are expected to come during visiting times only.
3) The singer gave a brilliant (perform).......... on stage the day before yesterday.
4) On hearing the news, everyone was overcome with a feeling of (sad)...........
5) If he hadn't been so (care) ……… with that book he'd still have it now.
6) She was severely (weak).......... by the long illness she had.
7) In order for the medicine to work (effect).......... one must take the correct amount.
8) There are a lot of different ways to (class).......... areas of English Grammar.
9) It was a really (enjoy).......... party. Thanks for inviting us.
10) There's no need to (critic).......... her work. She's trying as hard as she can.
11) You don't need to wear a suit to the party. You can look (formal).......... if you wish.
12) He told her that he was (true).......... in love with her.
http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/teachers/resources/fce.htm
B) Read the text and then write the correct form of the word to complete the gaps:
| Atomic Bomb
Atomic bomb is an explosive device that derives its 1)………….. force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a 2)………….. of fission and fusion.The first atomic bomb was produced at the Los Alamos laboratory and 3)……………. tested on July 16, 1945. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, followed three days later by a second, more 4)…………., bomb on Nagasaki. Both bombs caused widespread death, injury, and destruction, and there is still 5)……………… debate about the need to have used them.
Atomic bombs were subsequently developed by the USSR, Great Britain, France, and China. A number of other nations, particularly India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea now have atomic bombs or the 6)…………… to produce them.
Atomic bombs have been designed by students, but their actual construction is a complex 7)…………. process. Practical fissionable nuclei for atomic bombs are the isotopes uranium-235 and plutonium-239. If the mass of the fissionable material exceeds the critical mass, the chain reaction multiplies rapidly into an 8)………….. release of energy. An atomic bomb is detonated by bringing together very 9)…………. two subcritical masses of fissionable material, the combined mass exceeding the critical mass.
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1) destruct
2) combine
3) successful
4) power
5) consider
6) capable
7) industry
8) controllable
9) rapid
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