UNIT 3. LATHEExercise 1. Look at the following compound words. Some of them are compound nouns (formed from 2 nouns or an adjective and a noun) and some are compound adjectives (formed of 2 different words). Define to what part of speech each word belongs. Workpiece, woodturning, high-precision, metalworking, semi-continuous glassworking, table legs, workbench, crankshafts, best-known, toolpost, hand-held.
Note: Compound nouns are usually written as two words (e.g. tin opener), but sometimes they are joined with a hyphen (e.g. T-shirt), or written as one word (e.g. workpiece). Use the dictionary to check the word.
Exercise 2. Take one word (the first part or the second part) from each compound and create a new compound. Example: table leg – table tennis 1) Work piece 4) washing-machine 2) Camshaft 5) handwheel 3) High- precision 6) film star
Exercise 3. “Well” and “badly” combine with many past participle to form compound adjective. Use them in front of an adjective (except for well-known, it has no opposite). Well-written story badly-paid job Well controlled research work badly-developed regions Well-described process badly-done test
Match words from the box on the left with words from the box on the right to form 10 compound adjectives. Good new Easy written Ten looking Brand time Part known First hand Well going North handed Left east Badly pound
Exercise 4. Insert the compound adjectives in these sentences. 1) Have you ever met a well-… engineer? 2) We stayed in a five-… hotel. 3) There is a shop in London that sells devices for left-…people. 4) He’s just bought a brand-… car. 5) The airport is about ten miles north-… of the city centre. 6) It was a very badly-…article, I noticed many mistakes. 7) She sells second-… thing in a little stall in the market. 8) I had a nice time with my cousin; she is very easy-… Exercise 5. Discuss the following questions with your groupmates. 1) What types of conventional tools exist? Do you know which the oldest and the most common type is? 2) What do you know about lathes? Exercise 6. Read and translate the following international words. Deformation, symmetry, object, instrument, horizontal, parallel, vertical, banjo, diamond, metal, technical, principle, material, electric motor, elements, process, experiment Exercise 7. Read new words and word combinations Sanding - шлифование песком Knurling - накатка; насечка Axis of rotation - ось вращения, ось поворота Wood turning - точение по дереву Metal spinning - обработка давильная Glassworking – стекольное производство Pottery – гончарное дело Solid of revolution – тело вращения Screw thread - винтовая резьба Helix – винт, спираль Crankshaft - коленчатый вал Camshaft - распределительный вал, кулачковый вал Lathe bed - станина токарного станка Headstock - передняя бабка (токарного станка) High-precision - высокоточный, прецизионный Spinning – быстрое вращение Positioning – установка, регулировка Banjo - 1) деталь, имеющая форму "банджо" (с одним, двумя длинными рукавами) 2) резьбовое поворотное регулируемое соединение Hand-held - ручной; переносной Hardened - упрочнённый Toolpost – резцедержатель Handwheel - штурвал; маховик To lever - поднимать рычагом; перемещать рычагом Wood-turning lathe - токарный станок по дереву Mandrel – сердечник Softwood – мягкая древесина To peel off – отделяться, отсекаться Semi-continuous – полунепрерывный
Exercise 8. Before reading the text, try to answer the questions: What kind of tools does the lathe belong to? What do you already know about lathes? Where are lathes used?
Exercise 9. Read and translate the text. LATHE A lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glassworking. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the well-known design being the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include candlestick holders, cue sticks, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments (especially woodwind instruments), crankshafts and camshafts.
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