IV. WRITING. 1. Use the following words to write a story

1. Use the following words to write a story. Start like this:

Jessica Rockefeller is a niece of the well-known millionaire. She was kidnapped yesterday.

Jessica Rockefeller/ kidnapped/yesterday

calls/ made/ before

Jessica/seen/last/park

same day/ letter/ sent

Jessica/released/ as soon as/ kidnappers given $100.000

police/informed/immediately

all areas/ searched/ since yesterday

Jessica/not found/ so far

V. OVER TO YOU

Do the Criminal Law Quiz (the American style). Then check your answers.

1. A defendant has the right to have counsel present at which of the following procedures?

a. Analyzing of defendant’s handwriting samples.

b. A line up after formal criminal proceedings have commenced.

c. Witness viewing still pictures of suspect for identification purposes.

d. Analyzing of defendant’s fingerprints.

 

2. Actus Reus is:

a. The physical portion of the crime.

b. The mental portion of the crime.

c. Why the person committed the crime.

d. The punishment for the crime.

 

3. If “the action is wrong but the actor is not morally culpable for the harm and therefore shouldn’t be punished for causing that harm,” what type of defense is the accused making?

a. Justification defense

b. Excuse defense

c. Offense modification

d. Failure of proof defense

 

4. Which of the following is not an intentional tort?

a. Battery b. Assault c. False imprisonment d. Strict liability

 

The key

1b, 2a, 3a, 4d

 

Unit 3 Crime Investigation Section 1 Crime Investigation in Different Countries

I. WARMING-UP

1. Answer the following questions:

1. What is meant by investigation in the Criminal-Procedure Code of Ukraine?

1. What is the main task of criminalistics?

2. Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents:

 

	Subdivision	a	свідчення свідків
	DNA profiling	b	аналіз ДНК
	crime lab	c	аналіз за допомогою мікроскопа
	testimonial evidence	d	криміналістична лабораторія
	microscopic examination	e	підрозділ, сфера
	court appearance		виступ в суді

 

3. Match the words and their transcription read and translate the words. Pay attention to the pronunciation of Y:

Identify rely on laboratory testimony testify physical evidence

Read the text to understand what information on crime investigation is of primary importance or new for you.

TEXT 1

Notes:

to enter plea bargain – проводити переговори про заключення угоди про визнання вини (амер.)

CRIME INVESTIGATION: FORENSIC SCIENCE

Forensic science and scientific expertise serves the administration of justice by providing scientific support in the investigation of crime and providing evidence to the courts.

When a crime is reported to the police, patrol officers are usually the first to arrive at the scene. They perform the initial investigation; fill out the forms, such as the complaint; interview witnesses; make an arrest if there is a suspect. If a crime requires expert investigation, detectives are called in. The detective’s first task usually is to examine the facts in order to determine whether a crime has actually been committed and whether further investigation is required. If a full investigation is initiated, detectives collect evidence, interview witnesses and victims, contact informants. After an arrest is made, investigative work is extremely important to the outcome of a court case. Case preparation includes reviewing and evaluating all evidence and reports on the case; re-interviewing witnesses and assisting in their preparation for court appearances; and preparing the final report.

Legal detectives and investigators in common-law countries have a wide variety of techniques available in conducting investigations. However, the majority of cases are solved by the interrogation of suspects and the interviewing witnesses, which takes time. Besides interrogations, detectives may rely on a network of informants they have processed over the years. Informants often have connections with persons a detective would not be able to approach formally. The best way is to obtain a confession from the suspect, usually this can be done in exchange for entering plea bargain for a lesser sentence. Evidence collection and preservation can also help in identify ing a potential suspect(s).

Criminalistics as a subdivision of forensic science is the application of various sciences to answer questions relating to examination and comparison of different types of evidence in criminal investigations. Typically, evidence is examined in a crime lab.

A Crime Laboratory (often Crime Lab), is a scientific laboratory where scientists examine evidence from a criminal case. A typical crime lab has two sets of personnel. These are the investigators who go to crime scenes and collect evidence and process the scene. The second type of personnel in a crime lab is the people who run experiments on the evidence once it is brought to the lab.

Each type of evidence has a specific value in an investigation. Evidence used to resolve an issue can be split into 2 areas. The testimonial evidence refers to any witnessed records of an incident. The physical evidence is any material item that is on the crime scene. What will evidence collected at a scene do for the investigation:

· May prove that a crime has been committed.

· Establish any key elements of a crime.

· Link a suspect with a scene or a victim.

· Establish the identity of a victim or suspect.

· Confirm verbal witness testimony.

· Release the innocent.

Among the identification methods there are fingerprinting, DNA profiling and microscopic examination.